5 - Transportation Planning Flashcards
The word ______ originally referred to the movement of commodities; only in the last two centuries did it explicitly take on vehicles and people.
Traffic
Modern Traffic Control probably originated in 1722 in response to “the great inconvenience and mischiefs which happen by the disorderly leading and driving of cars, carts, coaches, and other carriages over the _________, whereby the common passage there is much obstructed.
London Bridge
Beginning in 1860, ________ police department was given the task of regulating the increasingly competitive and reckless drivers of horse-drawn buses
New York City’s
__________ deals with the number of trips that a particular site is likely to generate. Thus, it is a byproduct of land use and intensity of use, factors which “induce” people to travel.
Trip generation
Origin-Destination Survey
Special type of survey often used to determine trip generation
Cross tabulation models
Allow for estimates of trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristic
Typical Trip Generation Rates (daily trip ends)
- ___ per 1,000 square feet of general office space
- ___ per single family residential dwelling
- ___ per apartment unit
- ___ per 1,000 square feet of shopping center space
- ___ per 1,000 square feet of light industrial development
- 10 daily trip ends for every 1,000 square feet of general office space
- 9 daily trip ends per single family residential dwelling
- 7 daily trip ends per apartment unit
- 38 daily trip ends per 1,000 square feet of shopping center space
- 5 daily trip ends per 1,000 square feet of light industrial development
Trip end refers to the destination point of a journey.
True or False
False. Trip end may refer to the origin or destination point of a journey.
Trip Distribution
Trip distribution examines where people are going. A region or area is often divided into traffic zones. Trip distribution information generally provides information on how many trips are made between each zone and every other zone.
The __________ can be used to provide trip estimates based on the proportional attractiveness of the zone (the “gravitational pull”) and inversely proportional to the trip length
Gravity Model
AADT (Average Annual Daily Traffic)
Amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hour period, averaged over a year;
Peak Hour Volume
Hourly traffic during the peak period
Seasonal Hour Volume
Peak hour volume during different seasons
Design Hour Volume (DHV)
Capacity of the roadway to handle traffic.
______________ allows us to use network models to predict the distribution of traffic for each roadway (the routes that will be used), by the hour. Peak volumes can then be compared with DHV to see which, if any, roadways are going to exper
Traffic assignment, also known as trip assignment
_____________is a measure of vehicular mobility obtained from travel inventories.
High ___________indicates that more vehicles are on the road to meet growing employment, errand, and other travel demands. It can also mean that the trip origins and destinations are getting farther apart and travel times are becoming longer.
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
___________ Provides the highest level of service at the greatest speed for the longest uninterrupted distance, with some degree of access control.
Functional Classification
Arterial
_____________Provides a less highly developed level of service at a lower speed for shorter distances by collecting traffic from local roads and connecting them with arterials.
Functional Classification
Collector
Consists of all roads not defined as arterials or collectors; primarily provides access to land with little or no through movement.
Functional Classification
Local Street
Typical local street standards include:
- ____-foot maximum tangents;
- Use of stop signs or speed bumps to reduce vehicle speed;
- ____ feet between intersections;
- Clear sight distances of ____ feet.
- 500-foot maximum tangents;
- Use of stop signs or speed bumps to reduce vehicle speed;
- 150 feet between intersections;
- Clear sight distances of 75 feet.
- Minimum gradient in most areas is ___%.
- In areas with cold winters the maximum gradient is ___%;
- For areas with mild winters, it is ___%
Minimum gradient in most areas is 0.5%.
In areas with cold winters the maximum gradient is 5%
For areas with mild winters, it is 8%
In 1939, President _________ proposed a 43,000-km system of highways
F.D.Roosevelt
Public Roads Administration (PRA)
Responsible for implementing the highway system
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944
Designated 65,000 km of interstate highways
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962
Created the federal mandate for urban transportation planning in the United States, for projects in urban areas with a population of 50,000 or more
Federal-Aid Highway Act of1956
Authorized $25 BILLION for highway construction between 1957 and 1969.
Federal-Aid Highway Act of1952
Authorized $200 million for the construction of interstate highways between 1952 and 1954
Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
Established in 1965 by Bureau of Public Roads, MPOs were created and designated to carry out the metropolitan transportation planning process in all urbanized areas (UZAs) with populations over 50,000
Each metropolitan planning organization (MPO) is required, under 49 U.S.C. 5303(j) , to develop a ______________ —a list of upcoming transportation projects—covering a period of at least four years.
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
Transportation Management Area (TMA)
An urbanized area with a population over 200,000, as defined by the Bureau of the Census and designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
Is is a general term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation
Name at least 5 examples of TDMs
- Car Sharing
- Flextime
- Guaranteed Ride Home
- Public Transit
- Park-and-Ride
- HOV Lanes
- Telecommuting
- Commute Trip Reduction
- Transit Oriented Development
A high-occupancy toll lane (or HOT lane) are sometimes criticized as being only available to ________________
High income individuals
Typical NET and GROSS SF areas for parking
Parking space: 180 SF
Surface Parking Lot: ~400 SF/space
Structured Parking: ~325 SF/space
