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7 - Areas of Practice > 11 - Housing > Flashcards

11 - Housing Flashcards

1
Q

In 185__, the first model tenement was built in New York City

A

1855

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2
Q

Tenement House Act of 1867

A
  • First major housing code in the United States.
  • Required all rooms within tenements to have windows, but it did not require windows to open to the outside.
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3
Q

Tenement House Act of 1879

A
  • Passed to address the shortcomings of the 1867 Act.
  • Required that windows open to outside air, which resulted in the dumbbell tenement housing type with open air shafts
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4
Q

In 1890, Jacob Riis published ____________, which highlighted the plight of the poor in New York City.

A

How the Other Half Lives

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5
Q

N.Y. Tenement House Act of 1901

A

Outlawed dumbbell tenements. The new housing code was vigorously enforced by the city, which required inspection and permits for construction and alterations in addition to wide light and air areas between buildings and toilets and running water in each apartment unit

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6
Q

In 1929, __________ published the Neighborhood Unit Concept as part of the Regional Plan of New York and Its Environs.

A

Clarence Perry

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7
Q

Neighborhood Unit Concept defines a neighborhood based on a five-minute walking radius, with a ________ at its center. Each neighborhood is approximately ________ acres

A

School; 160 acres

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8
Q

The Public Works Administration (PWA),

A
  • Created in 1934 following the Great Depression, it was the first federally supported public housing program.
  • Provided 85 percent of the cost of public housing projects
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9
Q

National Housing Act (1934)

A

Established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages.

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10
Q

Name the three built “Greenbelt” communities

A
  • Greendale, Wisconsin
  • Greenhills, Ohio
  • Greenbelt, Maryland
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11
Q

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944)

A

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, commonly known as the G.I. Bill, guaranteed home loans to veterans and result in the rapid development of suburbs.

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12
Q

Housing Act of 1949

A
  • First comprehensive housing legislation passed in the United States.
  • The act called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance.
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13
Q

Housing Act of 1954

A
  • Housing Act of 1954 called for slum prevention and urban renewal.
  • Additionally, the act provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population.
  • The 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning.
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14
Q

Housing Act of 1959

A

The Housing Act of 1959 made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, state, and interstate levels.

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15
Q

Housing Act of 1961

A

The Housing Act of 1961 provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited-dividend corporations, cooperatives, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.

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16
Q

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was formed through the Housing and Urban Development Act of 196_

A

1965

17
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1968

A

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 made racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal

18
Q

Titles VIII through IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 comprise the _____________.

A

Fair Housing Act (FHA)

19
Q

The Fair Housing Act expanded on previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and, since ______, sex. Since ____, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children.

A

The Fair Housing Act expanded on previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and, since 1974, sex. Since 1988, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children.

20
Q

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

A

Provided for the construction of six million subsidized housing units. The act also authorized monthly subsidies for private houses for low-income families.

21
Q

Pruitt-Igoe

A

Public housing development first occupied in 1954, was demolished in St. Louis in 1972. Its demolition marked a shift away from concentrated high-rise public housing.

22
Q

In 1974, the ________________ was created under the Housing and Community Development Act. This grant program provides flexibility for communities to use federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas.

A

Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)

23
Q

National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974

A

Regulated manufactured housing units (sometimes called “mobile homes”) for the first time. Local ordinances can be used to regulate manufactured housing in terms of location, size, and appearance. The act applied to all manufactured homes built in 1976 or later.

24
Q

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA, pronounced “HUM-duh”)

A

1975 federal law that requires financial institutions to report mortgage data to the public. HMDA grew out of concern over credit shortages in some neighborhoods. The law helps track whether banks are serving the housing credit needs of their communities, potentially identifying discriminatory lending patterns.

25
Q

Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)

A
  • Federal law enacted in 1977 to encourage banks to meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.
  • One of the aims of the CRA was to reverse the effects of redlining, a highly discriminatory practice in which banks restricted lending in areas they deemed too risky (most often this applied to African-American neighborhoods).**
26
Q

Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG)

A
  • Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG) was authorized under the 1977 amendments to the 1974 Housing and Community Development Act.
  • The UDAG program promoted public-private partnerships for the redevelopment of urban areas. It also required intergovernmental cooperation in the placement of projects.
  • Finally, it cut funding for the Section 701 comprehensive planning program.
27
Q

National Affordable Housing Act of 1990

A

Created the HOME program, which provides funds for housing rehabilitation.

28
Q

The ____________ (1992) grant program provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing. It also allowed for the demolition of public housing as well as the construction of new public housing in mixed-income neighborhoods, following the principles of New Urbanism. The result has been a dispersal of public housing from previously concentrated locations.

A

HOPE VI

29
Q

Consolidated Plan (1995)

A

Beginning in 1995, HUD required local communities to prepare a Consolidated Plan to receive funding from HUD programs. The consolidated planning process replaces the planning and application requirements for the following:

  • Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
  • HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME)
  • Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG)
  • Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA)

Consolidated Plan is both a process and a document. It is a process through which a community identifies its housing, homeless, and community development needs and establishes multi-year goals and an annual action plan. It is also a public document that details a community’s community development and housing profile.

30
Q

__________ is the interest or increased value in a property earned from labor put toward the restoration of a property. Habitat for Humanity is an example of a sweat equity program, helping families become homeowners by contributing hours of labor towards the construction of a home.

A

Sweat equity

31
Q

Urban homesteading

A

Urban homesteading has been used by a number of cities to encourage residents to occupy and renovate vacant properties. HUD allows for federally owned properties to be sold to homesteaders.

32
Q

________ is a term used for subsidized housing meant for teachers, nurses, police officers, and others in the workforce. The term is popular because it is seen as having less social stigma than “affordable housing

A

Workforce housing

33
Q

____________ are unincorporated subdivisions with little or no infrastructure that are sold to low-income individuals. They are located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, and their residents are predominantly Hispanic.

A

Colonias

7 - Areas of Practice (17 decks)

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