5 Sports Psychology Flashcards
what is the input in information processing
information that is received from the senses
the learner becomes more skilled they selectively attend the correct cues and information
what is the decision making in information processing
interprets the input using its short and long-term memory and decides what, when, where and how the learner responds
what is the output in information processing
information sent to muscles to carry out the response
what is the feedback in information processing
will indicate whether or not the response was correct and successful
received via self (intrinsic) and/or others (extrinsic)
what are the 4 types of guidance
visual (seeing)
verbal (hearing)
manual (assist movement – physical)
mechanical (use of objects/aids)
what is visual guidance
seeing the skill being preformed
examples
demonstration – sometimes by the coach or another performer, usually highlighting certain aspects that are important
image – a photo, diagram or drawing of the skill
video – either an example of the skill being performed or a recording of the performer’s own performance
observation – of a game or another performer
what is verbal guidance
someone verbally instructing you
examples
coaching points – given by the coach and relating to the technique of the performance
feedback – from the coach
peer feedback – from other performers
questioning – by the coach so the performer is prompted to self-evaluate
what is manual guidance
when a performer is physically guided or supported by the coach
examples
when a coach guides an athlete’s arm to mimic a javelin throw
when a coach supports a gymnast to do a backflip
what is mechanical guidance
when the performer is guided by equipment to support the learner whilst practicing the skill
examples
using a float in swimming to develop leg action and body position in front crawl
what type of performer does verbal guidance suit
beginners need simple verbal guidance
experts need more complicated and detailed verbal guidance
what type of performer does visual guidance suit
beginners and experts as it can explain the basics or show finer details
what type of performer does manual guidance suit
beginners as they need to be shown the correct technique
what type of performer does mechanical guidance suit
beginners as they need to be shown the correct technique
what are the 2 types of feedback
intrinsic - physical feel of the movement as it is being performed. It is what is felt by the performer as they execute a skill or performance
extrinsic - provided by external sources, during or after a performance. It can come from teachers, coaches, team-mates and also includes things that the performer can hear or see.
what is KoP
focuses on how well the athlete performed, not the end result.
For example, a footballer may have made lots of good tackles and passes even if their team didn’t win
what is KoR
focuses on the end of the performance, for example, the performer’s score, time or position. It is sometimes called terminal feedback and can be thought of as the outcome of a performance.
what is positive feedback
experienced when a performance achieves the intended outcome / feedback that highlights the good parts
example
When a rugby player passes a ball they receive positive feedback when they see that the receiver successfully catches their pass
what is negative feedback
experienced when a performer does not achieve the intended outcome / highlights the bad parts
example
hitting the bar in football
what type of feedback is suitable for beginners
more extrinsic feedback to start with. This helps them to acquire the basic skills. However, beginners should also have time to practice on their own so they can begin to get a feel for and grasp those skills
what type of feedback is suitable for experts
need more intrinsic feedback to refine and master those skills. However, experienced performers will also need extrinsic feedback to overcome persistent problems and to develop more complex skills
