5. Respiratory System

Question 1

Treatments for:

• Acidosis/alkalosis
• Bronchoconstriction
• Impaired gas Exchange

Answer 1

• Resp Rate control
• bronchodilators/corticosteroids
• Mucolytics

Question 2

4 Processes of Respiration

Answer 2

1. Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)
2. External (pulmonary) respiration
3. Respiratory Gas Transport (w/ assistance of CVS)
4. Internal (tissue) respiration

Question 3

The 2 Structural Zones:

⬆️ Respiratory System
vs.
⬇️ Respiratory System

Answer 3

Nose ➡️ Layrnx

Trachea ➡️ Alveoli

Question 4

2 zones of the functional components of the respiratory system

Answer 4

1. Conducting zone (movement of air: nose ➡️ bronchial tubes)
2. Respiratory Zone (gas exchange: bronchioles ➡️ alveoli)

Question 5

Boney framework of the nose

Answer 5

Frontal, nasal and maxillary bones

Question 6

Nasal Conchae

Question 7

4 sinuses of the nasal area

Question 8

Regions of the pharynx

Answer 8

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 9

What is the thyroid cartilage

Answer 9

“Adam’s Apple”

Question 10

Vestibular Fold

Answer 10

False vocal cord

Question 11

Vocal Fold

Answer 11

True vocal cord

Question 12

Carina

Answer 12

The junction where bronchi branch

Question 13

Branching of Bronchial Tree

Answer 13

Trachea
⬇️
main (primary) bronchi
⬇️
lobar (secondary) bronchi
⬇️
segmental (tertiary) bronchi
⬇️
bronchioles
⬇️
terminal bronchioles

Question 14

Alveolar Macrophages

Answer 14

(Dust cell) Large cells that clean up debris

Question 15

Type I Alveolar Cell

Answer 15

Simple squamous cells that line the alveoli cells

Question 16

Type II Alveolar (septal) Cell

Answer 16

Secretes surfactant, lubricant

Question 17

2 basic parts of mucociliary escalator

Answer 17

1. Mucas-producing goblet cells

2. The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

Question 18

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 18

Inhalation & exhalation via pressure difference

Boyle’s Law

Question 19

Other factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

Answer 19

• Surface tension: inwardly directed force in the alveoli which must be overcome to expand the lungs during each inspiration
• elastic recoil: decreases the size of the alveoli during expiration
• compliance: ease with which the lungs and thoracic walk can be expanded

Question 20

Lung Compliance

Answer 20

“Stretchability.” Depends on relative proportions of collagen and elastin

Question 21

CO ₂ + H ₂ O =

Answer 21

H ₂ CO ₃ (carbonic acid)
⬇️
(H+) + (HCO ₃-)

Question 22

Factors affecting the affinity of Hb and O ₂

Answer 22

• pH
• Temperature
• pCO ₂

Question 23

Hyoercapnia

Answer 23

⬆️ CO ₂

Question 24

Most powerful respiratory stimulant

Answer 24

Rising CO ₂ levels