5 - Prostate Cancer Flashcards
What are the 3 known risk factors for prostate cancer?
- age
- ethnicity (AA 2x higher incidence)
- Family history
Diet is suspected
What is a late symptom of prostate cancer?
bone pain
What digital rectal exam findings suggest prostate cancer?
asymmetric areas of induration or frank nodules
The PSA test lacks specificity or sensitivity?
lacks specificity
PSA screening should be targeted at high risk populations. What are the 2 populations considered high risk?
- AA men
- Patient’s with family history
Urology referral for biopsy of the prostate should be done if one of these two criteria are met:
- men with abnormal DRE
- men with PSA > 4ng/mL (2 different occasions)
Individuals between the age of _____ years should not be screened for prostate cancer.
69-75
What antibiotic is given prior to prostate biopsy for prophylaxis?
- single dose of FQNL
What grading system is used to evaluate prognosis based on prostate biopsy?
Gleason grading system
higher score = more aggressive
What type of prostate cancer treatment is better for older patients and those who are not surgical candidates?
external beam radiation therapy
This type of radiation therapy for prostate cancer consists of directly implanting radioactive source within the prostate.
brachytherapy
This procedure is a surgical approach to managing prostate cancer and involves removing all the prostate tissue.
radical prostatectomy
What are the 3 types of androgen deprivation therapy?
- bilateral orchiectomies
- LH antagonist (Degeralex)
- LH agonist (Leuprolide)
If a patient has localized, very low risk prostate cancer with a life expectancy less than 20 years what are the 2 treatment options?
- active surveillance
2. radiation OR radical prostatectomy
If a patient has a life expectancy of >10 years and low risk prostate cancer what are the treatment options?
all treatment options available
