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Urology > 4 - UTI > Flashcards

4 - UTI Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogen is the most frequent cause of UTIs?

A

E. Coli

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2
Q

A colony count of greater than _______ CFU/ml is consistent with an UTI.

A

10,000

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3
Q

What 4 features make up the classic presentation of an UTI?

A
  • dysuria
  • urinary frequency
  • urinary urgency
  • subprapubic pain
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4
Q

What 3 conditions are on the differential diagnosis for an UTI in men?

A
  • acute bacterial prostatitis
  • chronic prostatitis
  • urethritis
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5
Q

What 3 conditions are on the differential diagnosis for an UTI in women?

A
  • vaginitis
  • urethritis
  • PID
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6
Q

What 2 findings on urine dipstick is consistent with UTIs?

A
  • leukocyte esterase

- nitritis

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7
Q

What 2 bacterias do not have the enzyme that produces nitrites?

A
  • S. saprophyticus

- Enterococcus

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8
Q

What are the 3 first line agents available for treating UTIs?

A
  • Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
  • Bactrim
  • Fosfomycin
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9
Q

For patients with high risk for MDR what 3 treatment options are available for UTIs?

A
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Fosfomycin
  • Pivmecillinam
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10
Q

What urinary tract topical analgesic is used to relieve dysuria in patients with UTIs?

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

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11
Q

What is the main adverse effect of Pyridium?

A
  • will turn body secretions/excretions orange
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12
Q

Persistent symptoms for _____ hours warrants a repeat urine culture.

A
  • 48-72 hours

* or recurrent symptoms within a few weeks

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13
Q

A patient presents with nausea, vomiting, fever, and CVA tenderness on the affected side. What complicated UTI is this presentation consistent with?

A

Pyelonephritis

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14
Q

This is defined as inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis.

A

Pyelonephritis

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15
Q

WBC casts on UA is consistent with what UTI?

A

Pyelonephritis

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16
Q

If a patient with pyelonephritis is not getting better and imaging is warranted, what is the study of choice?

A

CT of the abdomen and pelvis

17
Q

Mild to moderate pyelonephritis can be treated with any of these 3 drug choices.

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Bactrim
18
Q

Patients with complicated UTI that are critically ill or patients with urinary tract obstructions can be treated with a combination of these 2 drugs.

A
  • Carbapenem + Vancomycin
19
Q

By what % does the risk of bacteruria rise per day with indwelling catether insertion?

A

5%

20
Q

T/F: bacteriuria in pregnant women should be treated.

A

True

21
Q

What antibiotic class is contraindicated in pregnancy as it is toxic to developing cartilage in fetus?

A

FQs

22
Q

This is defined as an inflammation of the urethra secondary to an infection or trauma.

A

Urethritis

23
Q

Dysuria, burning and a mucoid watery discharge from the urethral meatus is consistent with what UTI?

A

Urethritis (Gonorrhea)

24
Q

A patient with urethritis has frank pus. What pathogen do you think is the cause?

A
  • Gonorrhea
25
Q

A patient with urethritis only complains of dysuria, there is no pus. What pathogen do you think is the cause?

A
  • Chlamydia
26
Q

A patient with urethritis only complains of dysuria and genital ulcers. What pathogen do you think is the cause?

A
  • Genital HSV
27
Q

Presence of 1 out of 3 of the following is required to diagnose urethritis in real time.

A
  • Mucopurulent discharge
  • Leukocyte esterase or > 10 WBCs/hpf on first catch urine
  • > 2 WBCs/hpf oil immersion field from the gram stain of a urethral swab
28
Q

This test is used to definitively diagnose urethritis but the results are often delayed.

A

NAAT

29
Q

What is the empiric treatment at the point-of-care for urethritis?

A
  • Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM x 1

- Azithromycin 1g PO x 1

30
Q

What is the nongonoccocal treatment protocol that only targets Chlamydia?

A
  • Azithromycin 1g PO x 1

- Doxycycline 100 mg bid x 7 days

31
Q

Patients with urethritis are instructed to refrain from sexual activity for how long?

A

7 days

Urology (10 decks)

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