5 - Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Organizing and transforming incoming information so it can be entered into memory

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

Retaining information in memory

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

Accessing information in memory

Question 4

Sensory Memory (SM)

Answer 4

Less than a second, holds large amounts of perceptual information

Question 5

Short Term Memory (STM)

Answer 5

only a few seconds (up to 30), prolonged with REHEARSAL, 4 chunks, (5-9 items)

Question 6

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Answer 6

Holds huge amount of information for long time (hrs to yrs)

Question 7

Primacy effect

Answer 7

Increased memory for first few stimuli

Question 8

Recency effect

Answer 8

Increased memory for the last few stimuli

Question 9

Working memory

Answer 9

Two specialized STMs —auditory loop and visuospatial sketchpad, plus central executive.
Works to solve problems

Question 10

Consolidation

Answer 10

Converting LTM to actual structural change in the brain

Question 11

Transfer appropriate processing

Answer 11

Using the same type of processing when you retrieve information as when you originally studied it makes it easier to remember

Question 12

Elaborative encoding

Answer 12

Produces great breadth of processing (how to remember someone’s name—repeating it, vs imagining them morphing into someone else you know with the same name)

Question 13

Flashbulb memories

Answer 13

Unusually vivid and detailed memory. Prone to to distortion over time

Question 14

Semantic Memory

Answer 14

meanings of words, concepts, and general facts

Question 15

Episodic Memories

Answer 15

events, time, place, circumstance. CONTEXT.

Question 16

Explicit (Declarative) Memories

Answer 16

can be voluntarily retrieved from LTM

Question 17

Implicit (Non-Declarative) Memories

Answer 17

unconscious, predispose you to process information or behave in certain ways.

1. Classically Conditioned Responses
2. Non-Associative Learning (habituation)
3. Habits — well learned response carried out automatically

Question 18

Priming

Answer 18

Implicit memories:
performing a task that predisposes you to perform the same task or associate task more easily in the future. (seeing ants on the floor and then noticing more ants)

Question 19

Repetition priming

Answer 19

Implicit memories:

makes information more accessible in the future

Question 20

Cues

Answer 20

stimuli, thoughts, or feelings that trigger or enhance remembering

Question 21

State-dependent retrieval

Answer 21

information is better remember if recall or recognition is attempted in the same psychological state

Question 22

Recall

Answer 22

Intentionally bringing explicit information to awareness

Question 23

Recognition

Answer 23

Successfully matching an encoded stimulus to information about that stimulus previously stored in memory

Question 24

Implanting

Answer 24

Chocolate, candy, soda pop, honey, cake

was sweet there?

Question 25

Decay

Answer 25

Ebbinhaus forgetting curve: most forgetting occurs relatively close to learning

Question 26

Encoding failure

Answer 26

information was not processed well enough to enter the LTM