Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

9.00 - Introduction to Psychology > 2 - Biology of Mind and Behavior > Flashcards

2 - Biology of Mind and Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mental contents

A

Knowledge, beliefs, ideas, desires, feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mental processes

A

Sets of operations that carry out a function, such as attention, or memory, or perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensory neuron

A

A neuron that responds to signals from sensory organs and transmits those to the brain/spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motor neuron

A

Neuron that sends signals to muscles in order to control movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron that connects to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain circuit

A

A set of neurons that work together to receive input, and produce output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axon

A

The sending end of a neuron, long cable like structure extending from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Terminal button

A

A structure at the end of a branch of an axon that can release chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dendrite

A

The treelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Resting potential

A

Negative charge within a neuron at least. Arises because of how ions are distributed inside and outside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Action potential

A

The shifting change in charge that moves down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All or none

A

if the neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it fires. It either fires, or it doesn’t.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myelin

A

A fatty substance that helps impulses travel down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Synapse

A

where an axon of one neuron sends a signal to the membrane of another neuron (includes the sending portions of the axon, the receiving portions of the next neuron, and the synaptic cleft in between)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscle contraction, memory, arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dopamine

A

motivation, reward, movement, thought, learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Noradrenaline/norepinephrine

A

Dreaming, attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Serotonin

A

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter regulating mood, sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

Inhibits sending neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endogenous cannabinoids

A

Memory, attention, emotion, movement control, appetite. **Released by the receiving neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Agonist

A

A chemical that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter by activating a type of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Receptor

A

A site on a dendrite or cell body where a neurotransmitter attaches itself (the lock to the neurotransmitter key)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reuptake

A

the process by which surplus neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft is reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antagonist

A

A chemical that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter (block receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glial cell

A

A type of cell that helps neurons to form both synapses and connections when the brain is developing, influences the communication among neurons, and cares for neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

The autonomic nervous system and sensory-somatic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Controls smooth muscles, some glandular functions, self-regulating activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

(part of the ANS) Fight or Flight:

- speeds heart, increases breathing, dilates pupils, sweat, decreases saliva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

(part of the ANS) Slows things down (counteracts the sympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sensory-somatic nervous system (SSNS)

A

(part of the PNS) consists of neurons in the sensory organs, and neurons that trigger muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Somatic motor system

A

Consists of nerves attached to striated muscles (used voluntarily)

32
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain + spinal cord

33
Q

Reflex

A

an automatic behavioral response to an event

34
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective layered membranes that cover the brain

35
Q

Corpus callosum

A

The large bundles of axons that connects the two halves of the brain

36
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Convoluted pinkish-gray outer layer of the brain. Most mental processes arise here.

37
Q

Subcortical structures

A

Parts of the brain located under the cerebral cortex

38
Q

Sulcus

A

crease in the cortex

39
Q

Gyrus

A

bulge in the cortex

40
Q

Brain system

A

a set of brain circuits that work together to accomplish a task

41
Q

Occipital lobes

A

located at the back of the head, concerned with vision

42
Q

Temporal lobes

A

processing sound, entering new information into memory, storing visual memories, language comprehension
WHAT SYSTEM
Mrs. O’C, Mrs. O’M, music problems

43
Q

Parietal lobes

A

top rear of brain. Attention, arithmetic, spacial location, and touch
WHERE SYSTEM

44
Q

Somatosensory strip

A

gyrus immediately behind the central sulcus. Registers sensations and organized by body part

45
Q

Frontal lobes

A

planning, memory search, motor control, speech control, reasoning, emotions
Donald who killed his girlfriend on PCP and remembered after a contusion here

46
Q

Motor strip

A

gyrus immediately in front of the central sulcus

controls fine movements and organized by body part. aka Primary Motor Cortex

47
Q

Thalamus

A

A subcortical structure that receives signals from sensory and motor systems, plays crucial role in attention & sleep
Switching center, hub

48
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls eating, drinking, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, sexual behavior

49
Q

Hippocampus

A

Key role in allowing new information to be stored in memory

50
Q

Amygdala

A

Subcortical structure involved in fear, anger, and other strong emotions

51
Q

Limbic system

A

(hippocampus + amygdala + hypothalamus + others) involved in emotions, motivations, fighting, fleeing, feeding, and sex

52
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Subcortical structures that play a role in planning, learning habits, and producing movement

53
Q

Medulla

A

The lowest part of the lower brainstem, automatic control of breathing, swallowing and blood circulation

54
Q

Reticular formation

A

a collection of small structures in the brainstem, responsible for keeping you awake

55
Q

Pons

A

bridge between the medulla and midbrain, connects upper brain to cerebellum

56
Q

Cerebellum

A

A large structure at the base of the brain —physical coordination, estimating time, and paying attention

57
Q

Cortisol

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps the body cope with the extra energy demands of stress

58
Q

Pituitary gland

A

the “master gland”, controlled mainly by the hypothalamus

59
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

A

System glands + hypothalamus that is activated by stress, injury, and infection and works to fight off infection

60
Q

Lesion

A

a region of impaired brain tissue

61
Q

Stroke

A

A cause of brain damage that occurs when blood fails to reach part of the brain

62
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

a tracing of brain waves of electrical fluctuation over time

63
Q

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

A

A technique for assessing brain activity that relies on recording magnetic waves produced by neural activity

64
Q

Single-cell recording

A

the technique in which micro electrodes are placed in the brain and used to record neural firing rates

65
Q

Computer-assisted tomography (CT)

A

A neuroimaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image of brain structures using x-rays

66
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A technique that uses magnetic properties of atoms to take sharp pictures of the three-dimensional structure of the brain

67
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

A neuroimaging technique that uses small amounts of radioactive substance to track blood flow or energy consumption in the brain.

68
Q

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

A type of magnetic resonance imagine that detects the amount of oxygen being brought to particular places in the brain, indicating activity

69
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

A technique in which the brain is stimulated from outside by putting a coil on a person’s head and delivering a magnetic pulse

70
Q

Pruning

A

a process by which certain connections among neurons are eliminate (use it or lose it)

71
Q

Plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change as a result of experience

72
Q

Passive interaction

A

Occurs when genetically shaped behavioral tendencies of parents or siblings produce an environment received by the child

73
Q

Evocative (reactive) interaction

A

Occurs when genetically influenced characteristics induce other people to behave in particular ways

74
Q

Active interaction

A

Occurs when people choose (based on genetic tendencies) to put themselves in specific situations and avoid others

75
Q

Heritability

A

The degree to which the variability of a characteristic or ability in a population is due to genetics, given a specific environment.

76
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Function, Local

77
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Appearance, Global

9.00 - Introduction to Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions