5. Meiosis

Question 1

sexual reproduction is the formation of ___ that is product of ___, and it _____ occur without the ______ process

Answer 1

gametes, meiosis
CANNOT , mitotic

Question 2

body cells are call ____ cells, they are __ specialized for _____ / these cells are divided by _____

Answer 2

somatic
NOT reproduction
mitosis

Question 3

somatic cells are _____ _____ of one another and each somatic cell will have #__ copies of the same ______ called _______ ____

Answer 3

genetic copies
2. chromosomes
homologous pairs

Question 4

homologous pairs are the same _____ but contain slightly different forms of the genes in that ______

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

somatic cells are ____ because they have ______ ______ that have 2 copies of the same chromosome

Answer 5

diploid
homologous pairs

Question 6

______ is the process that produces ______ cells, these cells contain #__ copy of each chromosome

Answer 6

meiosis
haploid
1

Question 7

the haploid chromosome # is ___ and the diploid chromosome # is __, why?

Answer 7

1
2
they have 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 8

_____ cells are the result of fertalization

Answer 8

diploid

Question 9

______ cell (n) + _____ cell (n) = ______ cell (2n)

Answer 9

haploid = haploid = diploid

Question 10

the formation of ___ involves the process of taking a ____ cell with 2 copies of each chromsome and turning it into a _____ cell so that when a ____ cell from dad and a _____ cell from mom defuse together it will become a ____ organism once again
(2 / 1 and 1 then 1 + 1 = 2)

Answer 10

gametes , diploid
haploid
haploid
diploid

Question 11

_____ is the process that produces _____ cells, so it takes the ____ nucleus and through #__ separate round of ______ _______ producing #___ _______ cells.

Answer 11

meiosis , haploid cells , diploid
2 cell diviso n
4 haploid cells

Question 12

meiosis has #___ ______ ____ but ____ is only replicated ONCE

Answer 12

2 nucelar divisons
DNA

Question 13

____ reduces the ______ # from diploid tp haploid (2n - n) and this process is ___ (making sure each gamete/prodcut from both cell divisions has the exact right amount of chrosmomes) and it creates a lot of _______ ________ in the products

Answer 13

meiosis , chromsome
orderly
genetic diversity

Question 14

***** Meisos does 3 things NAME THEM

Answer 14

1. reduce chromosome number (diploid to haploid/ 2n to n)
2. orderly (makes sure each haploid produces the right set of chromosomes)
3. creates genetic diversity

Question 15

**** why is genetic diversity important?

Answer 15

gives organism a leg iup in a changing environment
EXAMPLE
if we are all clones and had the same genes IF a deadly disease was to come in and we lack resistance WE ALL DIE
BUT because we are all differently genetically coded @ least ONE of us could SURVIVE the deadly disease
SO we don’t all go extinct

Question 16

we now know meiosis is the formation of gametes so your taking #__ ____ cell with _____ _____ and dividing it once and THEN AGAIN this process is called ….

Answer 16

1 diploid duplicated DNA
Meiosis 1

Question 17

Meiosis 1 takes a ____ cell with replicated _____ and turning it into #__ ____ cells with duplicated _____

Answer 17

diploid chromsomes
2 haploid chromsomes

Question 18

After meiosis 1 ______ #__ happens , what happens in this process?

Answer 18

meiosis 2
the splitting of the 2 haploid cells….. so the haploid cell divides the sister chromatid to then form 4 HAPLOID CELLS

Question 19

***before meiosis 1 starts the cell goes through a stage called ___ phase where it makes?

Answer 19

S
copies of its DNA
so each chromosomes is duplicated so there are 2 identical parts called sister chromatids for each chrosomoe

Question 20

****during meiosis 1 the _____ _______ pairs (1 from mom and 1 from dad) are ______ into _____ cells. (takes diploid cell to haploid cell)
the result of meiosis 1 is #__ _____ cells with ___ the number of OG chromosomes

Answer 20

homogoulous chromosomes
seperated separate
2 haploid
half

Question 21

what step in Meiosis is DNA ____ and the _____ start to move to opposite poles

Answer 21

early prophase 1
loose
centrosomes

Question 22

in _____-_____ 1 DNA ____ so it is easier to ____

Answer 22

mid prophase
condenses
drag

Question 23

what phase in meiosis? does after chromosomes are condensed into packets , the #___ _____ (2 chromosomes) that make up the homologous pair will _____ (come together) to form a ____

Answer 23

prophase 1
4 chromatids
snuggle
tetrad

Question 24

**in last prophase 1- pro-metaphase an event happens called _____ ___ so you have #___ ____ chromosomes that formed the _____
***During this phase the ____-____ _____ will cross over one another at an area called ___ (gap/space)

Answer 24

crossing over
2 homologous pairs
tetrad
non-sister chromatids
chiasmata

Question 25

______ _____ is the exchange of DNA between #__ ____-_____ _____ so that the genetic material of mom and dad EXCHANGE!

Answer 25

crossing ober
2 non sister chromatids

Question 26

crossing over means the chrosmomes are ____ longer the ___ as they were before this event ,, this makes them different from their ____ and ______’s ______

Answer 26

NO SAME
parents and parent’s offspring

Question 27

so the ____ that have experienced crossing over are now called _____ ____

Answer 27

chromatids
recombinant chromatids

Question 28

_______ chromatids are no longer copies of their sisters :(

Answer 28

recombinant

Question 29

_____ _____ is the perfect example of the increases of genetic diversity in the products!!!

Answer 29

crossing over

Question 30

what phase in meiosis does the pair of chromosomes line up on ____ _____ of the equator [MIDDLE]

Answer 30

metaphase 1
either side

Question 31

what kind process is metaphase 1

Answer 31

RANDOM

Question 32

during what phase in meiosis do the ______ _______ seperated into separate cells (diploid to haploid) [APART]

Answer 32

anaphase 1
homologous pairs

Question 33

the way genetic material is exchanged in 2 chromosomes when they line up is _______ this means the chromosomes are _______ ________

Answer 33

RANDOM
independent assortment

Question 34

what does it means when independent assortment allows for chance combinations

Answer 34

because homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed into daughter cells when the pairs of chromosomes line up and separate the way one chromosome seperated DOES NOT affect how another pair seperates …. this means each gamete can have mix of chromosomes from both parents leading to genetic divert in offspring

Question 35

what phase in meiosis do chromosomes finish moving, DNA ______, and the ______ ____ reappears and finally _____ finishes it off

Answer 35

telephone 1
decondenses
nuclear envelope
cytokinesis

Question 36

at the end of meiosis 1 there are #___ _____ cells and the _____ within these cells are still _____ (so 2 chromatids)

Answer 36

2 haploid
chromosomes replicated

Question 37

in Meiosis 2 what happens to DNA

Answer 37

DNA DOES NOT REPLICATE

Question 38

in meiosis there is NO ______ between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

Answer 38

interphase

Question 39

in meisois 2 _____ _____ of each chromosome are seperated

Answer 39

sister chromatids

Question 40

what is the whole purpose of meiosis 2

Answer 40

so that the sister chromatics are seperated so that the DNA is no longer replicated in each cell

Question 41

meiosis 2 allows for more ____ by the chance assorment

Answer 41

diversity

Question 42

the final products of meiosis 2 is?

Answer 42

4 daughter haploid cells