4. Mitosis Flashcards
what are the main events in cell division?
- cell signal
- DNA replication
- DNA synthesis/segregation
- Cytokensis
Eukaryotic cell division and segregation of DNA occurs in a process called?
mitosis
G1 phase is…
normal cell function so cell will be receiving signals
DNA synthesis will occur in ___ phase this means DNA will ____ itself so DNA doubles and G2 phase is?
S, replicate, prepare itself for mitosis
during S phase _____ is an organelle constructed and regulated and it is very important to mitosis because
centrosomes , it will organize microtubules
microtubules are elements also found in the cytoskeleton that are shaped like _____ and their main function is to?
tubes , move the cell or move things within the cell
how do microtubules have an important role in mitosis?
moves the chromosomes to separate side of the cell so that when the cell can divides each cell has the correct number of and same type of chromsomes
so in S phase _____ are constructed and they determine the orientation of _____ ______ which moves the ______ ______ apart, this ______ is composed of the centrosomes and microtubules
centrosomes, mitotic spindle, sister chromatids, spindle
mitosis is subdivided into
prophase, pro metaphase,metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
during prophase the _____ move to opposite ends of the _____ ______ and there are ______ that began to extend from these (they reach out)
centrosomes, nuclear envelope, microtubules
and at the beginning of prophase chromsomes are _____ (spaghetti like) then they start to…
loose, super coil themselves into little packets of visible chromsomes
AFTER the chromsomes are no longer spegatti like and now in packets they also form a little structure called _____ (means movement) that are located on the _____ of each _____
kinetochores, centromere, chromatid
kinetochores are filled with ____ that will help the chromsomes ___ because they also start to form _____
proteins, move, microtubules
during prometphase what happens to the nuclear envelope and kinetochores?
nuclear envelope breaks down so that the kinetochores’s microtubules connect with the microtubules from the centrosomes
during metaphase the _______ of each chromosome _____ ____ at the _____/_____ of the cell
MIDDLE , centromeres , line up, center/equator
during anaphase the ______ ______ are ______ and being pulled towards the opposite ends on the cell
sister chromitids , seperated , APART
***** There are #__ mechanisms that move chromsomes during anaphase WHAT ARE THEY?
3!!!
1. the motor proteins of the kinetochores
2. contracting and deconstructing of micortubles
3. centrosomes pull apart dragging the chromosomes
IN SIMPLE TERMS
1. motor proteins on the kinetochores
2. shortening of micortubles
3. movement of centrosomes
during anaphase there is another important _____ ______ ______ so that the cell checks to make sure that each ______ is attached to the the appropriate ______
cell cycle checkpoint , centrosome, kinetochore
****ONCE the cell makes sure during anaphase there is a ______-____ ____ produce that binds to ____-_____ _____ and will transfer a p group from ATP to a protein called _____ ______ _____ (____) DRAW THIS
m-phase cyclin, m-phase CDK, anaphase promoting complex (APC)
this APC will activate another protein called ___ this protein seperates the #__ _____ ______
separase , 2 sister chromatids
***** finally what happens in telophase?
the daughter chromatics have now reached the opposite ends on the cell and a new nuclear envelope is contructed around the daughter chromsomes and after this the chromosome return to their spegatti like form
telophase results in?
2 nuclei
______ is the divison of the rest of the cytoplasm
cytokenesis
cytokenisis varies between ___ and ____ cells
plant and animal
