5: Infection Control

Question 1

What are the molecular principles of antibiotic resistance? (3 things)

Answer 1

1. Prevention of interaction of antibiotic with target
2. Efflux of antibiotic from cell
3. Direct destruction / modification of compound

Question 2

What are the types of vaccine? (4 types)

Answer 2

Toxoid
Attenuated
Subunit
Inactivated

(TASI)

Question 3

What is a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 3

Weakened version of toxins prod by bacteria

Stim B cells –> prod antibodies

Question 4

What is an attenuated vaccine?

Answer 4

Weakened version of microbe (less virulence)

Question 5

What is a subunit vaccine?

Answer 5

Same as inactivated (microorganism killed w. physical / chemical agents)

BUT contains only ANTIGENIC part of pathogen

Question 6

What is an inactivated vaccine?

Answer 6

Prod by killing microorganism w. physical / chemical agents

Stim immune response but non-functional prot doesn’t infect cells

Question 7

What is a conjugate vaccine?

Answer 7

A type of subunit vaccine

Polysacc from bac cell wall + carrier prot

Question 8

What are the characteristics of a good vaccine? (8 things)

Answer 8

1. Safe
2. Long lasting protection
3. Few side fx
4. Cheap
5. Stable for storage and transport
6. Easy to administer
7. Stim dev. of immune response (e.g T cell response)
8. Stim prod. of neutralised ig’s to reduce risk of infection

Question 9

How is herd immunity acheived?

Answer 9

When enough people in target pop immunised to interrupt transmission within community

Question 10

What does herd immunity depend on? (4 things)

Answer 10

How infectious disease is
Vaccine efficacy
Pop vulnerability
Environmental factors

Question 11

What are the advantages of herd immunity?

Answer 11

Protects people unable to be vaccinated (e.g too young / pregnant / have health problems)