5: Dynamic Cell

Question 1

What are 2 forms of energy?

Answer 1

1. Potential: stored energy
2. Kinetic: energy of motion

Question 2

Calorie

Answer 2

• amount of heat required to raise temp of 1 gram water by 1 degree
• used in terms of kilocalorie (1000)

Question 3

Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

• conservation of energy
• energy can’t be created or detroyed only changed from 1 form to another

Question 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

• energy can’t be changed from 1 form to another without loss of usabel energy

Question 5

Forms of usable energy? (4)

Answer 5

• solar energy
• ATP
• food
• heat (least usable)

Question 6

Entropy

Answer 6

increased disorganization that occurs after loss of energy

• example: messy room

Question 7

Use of ATP

Answer 7

• energy currency
• used to carry out all cells activities
• i.e. synthesizing proteins, transpo, movement of cilia/organelles

Question 8

Structure of ATP

Answer 8

• sugar ribose
• nitrogen base adenosine
• 3 phosphate groups (negatively charged, making them unstable)
• process of losing posphates: ATP–>ADP + P

Question 9

use and production of ATP

Answer 9

• ATP used frequently
• ATP rebuilt from ADP + P
• not used for energy storage bc of its instability

Question 10

Coupled Reaction

Answer 10

brings ATP and energy-requiring reaction together to drive the exchange in energy

Question 11

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 11

• series of linked reactions that happen in a particular order
• substrate + enzyme + substrate = product

Question 12

Active Site

Answer 12

part of the enzyme that accomodates specific substrate

Question 13

Induced Fit Model

Answer 13

wen active site undergoes slight shape change to help reaction to occur

Question 14

Enzyme Inhibition

Answer 14

when enzyme is prevented from combining with substrate

Question 15

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 15

regulates cell activity if a substrate or product is too abundant or under abundant

Question 16

Energy of Activation

Answer 16

the energy needed to cause molecules to react with each other

• enzymes lower the energy required for activation

Question 17

Passive Transpo: Simple Diffusion

Answer 17

when molecules move down concentration gradient until equilibrium

• passive transpo bc energy isn’t used

Question 18

Solute vs. Solvent

Answer 18

Solute=solid or gas

Solvent=liquid

Question 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 19

when ion or molecule diffuses across a membrane faster than expected

• due to channel protein or carrier protein

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane

• from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium
• through aquaporins

Question 21

Isotonic Solution

Answer 21

balanced amount of water inside and outside cell

• normal cell size

Question 22

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 22

concentration of solute is less, concentration of water is greater outside

• plant cells become turgid (good)

Question 23

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 23

loss of water due to high concentration of solute outside cell

• plasmolysis: shrinking of cytoplasm due to osmosis

Question 24

Active Transpo

Answer 24

when molecules or ions move through plasma membrane

• accumulate on one side fo the cell

Question 25

Bulk Transpo

Answer 25

during exocytosis & endocytosis vesicle formation transpos substances in or out of the cell

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

when transported material is large

• i.e. amoeba

Question 27

Pinocytosis

Answer 27

when vesicles form around liquid or small particles

Question 28

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 28

receptors for particular substances are found at one location in plasma membrane

• more selective