4: Inside the Cell Flashcards
Cell Theory
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells come from preexisting cells
2 Types of cells
- Prokaryotic: no membrane bounded nucleus
- Eukaryotic: nucleus holding DNA
Prokaryotic Cells
- Archaea & Bacteria
- smaller, simpler
- reproduce quickly
Bacterial Structure
- Cell wall
- capsule
- nucleoid
- ribosomes
- flagella
- fimbriae
- conjugation pili
Bacterial Cell wall
maintain shape of cell
Bacterial Capsule
protective layer of polysaccharide outside cell wall
Bacterial Nucleoid
where the single coiled chromosome is
Bacterial Ribosomes
synthesizes protein
Bacterial Flagella
tail appendages that propell bacteria. Filament, hook, basal body.
Bacterial Fimbriae
small bristle fibers on cell surface to help attach
Bacterial Conjugation Pili
rigid tube structure used to pass DNA
What does Plasma Membrane do?
- marks boundery btwn outside and inside cell
- regulates molecule & ion passage
Plasma Membrane makeup
- Phospholipid layer: hydrophilic pole facing outward, hydroponic ends inward
- Glycoproteins: sugars on outside of membrane. Used for immune response and to est. identity.
Channel Proteins
- form tunnel through membrane
- allow specific molecules to pass
Transport Proteins
- combine with substance to help move across membrane
- uses input of energy
Cell Recognition Proteins
- Are glycoproteins
- distinguishes btwn our cells and cells of others
Receptor Proteins
- shape that is capable of binding a signal molecule
- binding causes protein to change shape and start cellular response
Enzymatic Proteins
- used in metabolic reactions
Junction Proteins
- creates connection btwn cells
- assist in cell-to-cell adhesion & communication
Eukaryotic Nucleus
- Houses DNA which forms genes located in chromosomes
Eukaryotic Organelles
structure inside cell that hold all molecules for cell function
What is contained within the Nucleus?
- chromatin
- chromosomes
- nucleolus
- nuclear envelope