5: COMMUNITY ORGANIZING, BUILDIING, AND HEALTH5: COMMUNITY ORGANIZING, BUILDIING, AND HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMMING PROMOTION PROGRAMMING Flashcards
- Is the body of data that can be used to make decisions
- Not all evidence are valid, reliable, or fit for purpose
- If they are valid or reliable, not all are created equal
EVIDENCE
- It is when community and public health workers systematically find, appraise, and use evidence as the basis for decision making related to community organizing/building and health promotion programming.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
- Individuals influence and are influenced by their families, social networks, the organizations in which they participate (workplaces, schools, religious organizations), the communities of which they are a part, and the society in which they live.
- the health behavior of individuals is shaped in part by the social context in which they live.
SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL APPROACH (ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE)
individual influence
- Intrapersonal
people are encourage by the people close to them
- Interpersonal
employers develop health programs that engage their employees.
- Institutional or organizational
passage of ordinances to promote health.
- Community
wide dissemination of information to encourage the people
- Public policy
collaborative programs to promote health
- Physical environment
reinforcement of health programs as cultural norms
Culture
- a process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals.
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
a process that begins with those who are affected by the problem/concern, those who initiate community organization that are members of the community. “In grassroots organizing, community groups are built from scratch, and leadership is developed where none existed before”.
- Grassroots
When individuals from outside the community initiate community organization
- Top-down organization
those who control, both formally and informally, the political climate of the community.
- Gatekeepers
Core group of community members, the backbone of the workforce and will end up doing the majority of the work.
- Executive participants
a temporary group that is brought together for dealing with a specific problem.
- Task force
formal alliance of organizations that come together to work for a common goal. Coalition building is often an important step in successful community organization.
- Coalition
- an orientation to practice focused on community, rather than a strategic framework or approach, and on building capacities, not fixing problems.
- Community building
Is a process by which data about the issues of concern are collected and analyzed.
- Needs assessment
Is a process of identifying community assets, not concerns or problems.
It is a process by which organizers literally use a map to identify the different assets of a community.
- Mapping community capacity
are the most accessible assets and capacities. It can be organized into the assets and capacities of individuals (e.g., skills, talents, and incomes) and those of organizations or associations (e.g., faith-based and citizen organizations)
Category (Building blocks) of Assets and Capacities
Primary building blocks
are assets located in the neighborhood but largely controlled by people outside (e.g.. social service agencies, schools, hospitals, and housing structures).
Secondary building blocks
are resources originating outside the neighborhood and controlled by people outside (e.g., welfare expenditures and public information). The least accessible assets.
Potential building blocks
- Process to rethink or rework before proceeding onward in their plan.
Looping Back
any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence-based practices and/or sound theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adopt and maintain health behaviors.
- Health education
any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
- Health promotion
a process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population.
- Program planning
- the process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing the needs of a priority population.
Needs assessment
- an activity or activities designed to create change in people.
- planned actions designed to prevent disease or injury or promote health in the priority population.
Intervention
- the number of components or activities that make up the intervention or the size of the intervention.
Multiplicity
- the number of program units delivered as part of the intervention.
Dose
- recommendations for interventions based on critical review of multiple research and evaluation studies that substantiate the efficacy of the intervention.
Best practices
- intervention strategies used in prior or existing programs that have not gone through the critical research and evaluation studies and thus fall short of best practice criteria.
Best experience
- original intervention strategies that the planners create based on their knowledge and skills of good planning processes including the involvement of those in the priority population and the use of theories and models.
Best processes
- Putting a planned intervention into action.
- The moment of truth, the actual carrying out or putting into practice the activity or activities that make up the intervention.
- The act of converting planning, goals, and objectives into action through administrative structure, management activities, policies, procedures, regulations, and organizational actions of new programs.
Implementation
- A trial run of an intervention
- It is when the intervention is presented to just a few individuals who are either from the intended priority population or from a very similar population.
- The purpose of pilot testing an intervention is to determine whether there are any problems with it
- It is recommended that the intervention be pilot tested again with the improvements in place before implementation.
- An integral part of the piloting process is collecting feedback from those in the pilot group.
Pilot test
- implementation of an intervention with a series of small groups instead of the entire population.
Phasing in
- determining the value or worth of an object of interest by comparing it against a standard of acceptability.
- Standard of acceptability a comparative mandates (policies, statutes, and laws), values, norms, comparison/control groups, and the “how much” in an objective for the program.
Evaluation
