2: COMMUNICABLE AND NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Question 1

The ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host
Secondary attack rate
(number infected)/(number exposed)

Answer 1

INFECTIVITY

Question 2

The capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host
Illness rate =
(number with symptoms)/(number infected)

Answer 2

PATHOGENICITY

Question 3

Ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease
(Number of severe/fatal cases)/(total number of cases)

Answer 3

VIRULENCE

Question 4

• a person who is sick with a disease.

Answer 4

CASE

Question 5

• a person or animal that harbors a specific communicable agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection to others.

Answer 5

CARRIER

Question 6

• a communicable disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

Answer 6

ZOONOSIS

Question 7

• a disease that infects only humans.

Answer 7

ANTHROPONOSIS

Question 8

• an inanimate material or object that can serve as a source of infection.

Answer 8

VEHICLE

Question 9

• a living organism, usually an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, tick, louse, or flea), that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts.

Answer 9

VECTOR

Question 10

• time interval between initial contact with an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of disease in question.

Answer 10

INCUBATION

Question 11

• period of communicability is the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person, from an infected animal to humans, or from an infected person to animals.
• Also known as the “Infectious period”.

Answer 11

COMMUNICABILITY

Question 12

• Model that can be used to visualize the step-by-step process by which communicable disease spread from infected person to an uninfected person from the community.
• Used to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host.

Answer 12

CHAIN OF INFECTION

Question 13

• Also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiologic, environmental, and behavioral factors.

Answer 13

NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCD’S)

Question 14

• The main types of NCD are;

Answer 14

 cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Hypertension, CHD
 Cancers
 chronic respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma)
 Diabetes

Question 15

• the cause of a disease.

Answer 15

ETIOLOGY

Question 16

• a chronic disease characterized by damage to the coronary arteries in the heart

Answer 16

CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

Question 17

• a chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels of the brain resulting in disruption of circulation to the brain.

Answer 17

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE (STROKE)

Question 18

• uncontrolled new tissue growth resulting from cells that have lost control over their growth and division

Answer 18

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM

Question 19

• the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body by the circulatory or lymphatic system.

Answer 19

METASTASIS

Question 20

• a visual representation of the host together with various internal and external factors that promote and protect against disease.

Answer 20

MULTICAUSATION DISEASE MODEL

Question 21

• the planning and taking of action to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problem.

Answer 21

PREVENTION

Question 22

• efforts to control a disease in progress.

Answer 22

INTERVENTION

Question 23

• the complete elimination or uprooting of a disease (e.g., smallpox eradication).

Answer 23

ERADICATION

Question 24

• preventive measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury during the prepathogenesis period.
• Ex. Health education, health promotion, personality development, immunization, handwashing

Answer 24

Primary intervention

Question 25

- preventive measures that lead to an early disgnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury to linit disability and prevent more severa pathogenesis - Ex. Health screening, diagnostics

Answer 25

Secondary intervention

Question 26

- measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis. - Ex. Rehabilitation, Retrain, Re-educate

Answer 26

Tertiary intervention

Question 27

* occurs when exposure to a disease-causing organism prompts the immune system to develop antibodies against that disease.

Answer 27

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 28

* occurs when a person receives antibodies against a disease rather than their immune system producing them.

Answer 28

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Question 29

* the separation of infected persons from those who are susceptible

Answer 29

ISOLATION

Question 30

* limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a disease and may be incubating it

Answer 30

QUARANTINE

Question 31

* the killing of communicable disease agents outside the host.

Answer 31

DISINFECTION