1: INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards
The word health is derived from “hal’ which means
“hale, sound, whole”
“health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”.
Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living and is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.
- WHO (1946)
a dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment; therefore, it can exist in varying degrees and is specific to each individual and his or her situation.
“A person can have a disease or injury and still be healthy or at least feel well”.
- McKenzie (2018)
- a collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns, or values.
COMMUNITY
a sense of identity and belonging.
- Membership
similar language, rituals, and ceremonies
- Common symbol systems
community members have influence and are influenced by each other
- Mutual influence
members share common history, experiences, and mutual support.
- Shared emotional connection
assess the needs and resources.
A. Leadership
public health and social infrastructure and policies that supports health.
B. Public health support
equitable, affordable, and available quality health care services.
C. Health Service Delivery
“Public Health is ecological in perspective, multisectoral in scope and collaborative in strategy. It aims to improve the health of communities through an organized community effort. Public health infrastructures need to reflect that it is an interdisciplinary pursuit with a commitment to equity, public participation, sustainable development and freedom from war. As such it is part of a global commitment and strategy”.
- Ilona Kickbush
what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.
- Institute of Medicine (IOM), 1988
- activities undertaken within the formal structure of government and the associated efforts of private and voluntary organizations and individuals.
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
- the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.
COMMUNITY HEALTH
- the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
POPULATION HEALTH
- describes health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions.
GLOBAL HEALTH
Individual actions and decision-making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends.
* Seldom directly affect the health of others.
* Individual/personal approach.
Personal Health Activities
Activities that are aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community.
* Directly affect the health of the population.
* Population approach
Community and Public Health Activities
- The way in which a community is able to organize its resources directly influences its ability to intervene and solve problems, including health problems.
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
the process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals.
- Community organizing
- The behavior of the individual community member contributes to the health of the entire community.
- It takes the concerted effort of many, if not most of the individuals in a community to make a program work.
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORS
- ___________ is the resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals
Herd immunity
“are the conditions in the social, physical, and economic environment in which people are born, live, work, and age. They consist of policies, programs, and institutions, and other aspects of the social structure (including the government and private sectors), as well as community factors.”
Are the conditions in the environment that affects a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks.
Conditions, patterns of social engagement, sense of security and well-being affect the “place” where people live.
social determinants of health
Public health work during the Spanish regime began at the port era of the old Franciscan convent in Intramuros where indigents in Manila was treated.
Eventually became the “San Juan De Dios Hospital”
PRE-AMERICAN OCCUPATION
- An era for the construction of:
First medical school - UST (1872)
School of midwifery in 1879
Public health laboratory in 1883
Forensic medicine in 1892
PRE-AMERICAN OCCUPATION
