4: PARASITOLOGY

Question 1

• Main focus of the Parasite-Host Relationship

Answer 1

 Recognition of these relationship
 Search for patterns of the relationships
 Development of methodologies to study these patterns.

Question 2

• Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host.
• Ex. Virus

Answer 2

OBLIGATORY PARASITE

Question 3

• Parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host
• Ex. Strongyloides

Answer 3

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

Question 4

• Parasite that is established inside of a host
• Ex. Plasmodium

Answer 4

ENDOPARASITE

Question 5

• Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of a host
• Ex. Fleas

Answer 5

ECTOPARASITE

Question 6

• Host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite

Answer 6

ACCIDENTAL OR INCIDENTAL HOST

Question 7

• Host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs

Answer 7

DEFINITIVE HOST

Question 8

• Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected

Answer 8

RESERVOIR HOST

Question 9

• Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another

Answer 9

TRANSPORT HOST/PARATENIC/PHORETIC

Question 10

• Host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs

Answer 10

INTERMEDIATE HOST

Question 11

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others

Answer 11

CARRIER

Question 12

• Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species

Answer 12

SYMBIOSIS

Question 13

• Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense

Answer 13

PARASITISM

Question 14

• Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other

Answer 14

COMMENSALISM

Question 15

• Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which one benefits and has a neutral effect on the other

Answer 15

COMMENSAL

Question 16

• Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both

Answer 16

MUTUALISM

Question 17

• Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease

Answer 17

PATHOGENIC

Question 18

• Three common components

Answer 18

1. Mode of transmission
2. Infective stage
3. Diagnostic stage

Question 19

________________ may be taken against every parasite infective to humans.

Answer 19

• Prevention and control measures

Question 20

Are designed to break the transmission cycle are crucial for successful parasite eradication.

Answer 20

• Preventive measures

Question 21

• Eukaryote, Unicellular, with Ectoplasm and Endoplasm

Answer 21

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTOZOANS

Question 22

thread-like, long whip- like structure arising from the surface of the cell.

Answer 22

 Flagella

Question 23

shorter, needle-like/hair- like structures, found all throughout the cell.

Answer 23

 Cilia

Question 24

false-feet, temporary cytoplasmic extensions.

Answer 24

 Pseudopods / Pseudopodia

Question 25

Flexible sheet of material that joins the flagella to the surface of the cell.

Answer 25

 Undulating membrane

Question 26

Consist of polar rings, subpellicular tubules, conoid, rhoptries, and micronemes, for penetration and invasion of target cell.

Answer 26

Apical complex

Question 27

• Multicellular with complex structure

Answer 27

METAZOANS

Question 28

color, consistency, visualization of adult worms or proglottids

Answer 28

1. Macroscopic examinations

Question 29

for identification of parasitic eggs, cysts, trophozoites

Answer 29

2. Microscopic examinations

Question 30

detection of motile trophozoites of amoebas and flagellates

Answer 30

3. Direct Smear

Question 31

for enhanced detection of smaller parasites that may not be detected in the direct mount

Answer 31

4. Concentration methods

Question 32

recommended for identification of ova and parasites.

Answer 32

5. Permanently stained mount

Question 33

thick and thin blood smears

Answer 33

6. Blood smears

Question 34

for detection of E. vermicularis

Answer 34

7. Cellophane tape procedure

Question 35

for detection of G. lamblia

Answer 35

8. Entero string test