5 Classification of Bacteria Flashcards
Actin
short movement of vesicles
like city streets
(stress fibers)
tubulin
further movement of vesicles
like highways
(flagella motility)
actin and tubulin are…
polymers
directional (+/- sides), polar, multisubunit polymers
polymerization and depolymerization causes movement
who has cytoskeleton
both proks and euks…
but proks don’t move vesicles like euks do
why can’t proks get very big
they are dependent on diffusion
proks can get bigger because they can move stuff and thus don’t depend on diffusion
Actin formation
formation has to do with stress
Amino Fluoresence
localiaizing proteines due to interactions with antibodies
w. this stain, microbes appear bright against dark background
detect bacteria w.in cells
ineject bacteria, antibodies floruesce if they interact with the antigen, remove the antibodies and add to microscope of unknown bacteria. if it is the sam, tjhe flourescent antibodies will bind to the angitgens on the bacteria causing floursecence
actin motility
crawling motion… actin gets together on one edge
polymerization of actin pushes on the sides of membrane, water enters, anchor proteins are dropped, repeat
push and anchor
- endocytosis… from surface to inside
- bacterial motility
myosin
DOES NOT drive vesicle movement
tubulin
looks disorganized, but is MORE organized
everything returns to a region near the nucleus
Microtubule Organizing Center
center near nucleus to which everything returns
microtubules radiate from this region parallely
actin moves vesicles from one microtubule to another
microtubules
all lead away from MTOC
like interstate highway system
don’t connect to MTOC, just get close to it
Dyneins
cargo TOWARD nucleus
hydrolyze ATP
2 probes: attachm detach, wiggle, re-attach
grab and drag motion
Kinesins
cargo move AWAY from nucleus
one end connected to cargo vesicle, one to microtubule
hydrolyze ATP
penguin walk: ROTATIONAL motion
both dyneins and kinesins use…
ATP
both evolved seperately though
Cila and Flagella
moved by axonemal dyneins
motors rotate only 1 way… turn and relax
corkscrew motion
composed of microtubules and plasma membranes
bacterial flagella
push
work from behind
eukaryotic flagella
pull
from the front
Flagella
movement
a few long strucutres
Cillia
many short strucutures
movement of cell or particles
Nucleus
chromosomes
histones
no protein synth hapens here (proteins imported from cytosol)
telomerase
ER
membrane bound contiguous w/ nuclear envelope proteins mature here proteins to be secreted or inserted into membranes sent here contains lots of chaperones
ER chaperones…
for protein folding
maturation process begins with folding?
What is “outside”?
Outside, isider ER, inside Golgi, inside vesicles
like digestive tract, inverted balloon
whatever membrane wraps around…
if its seperated from cytosol, its probably “outside” (except nucleus)
