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Micro 205 Exam 1 > 4 Cells 3 > Flashcards

4 Cells 3 Flashcards

1
Q

protein characteristics

A 
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
charge
polarity 
....interactions cause folding
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2
Q

beta sheets

A

alternating hydroPhobic and Philic side chains (every other one)

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3
Q

alpha helix

A

repeating pattern of similar side chain of every 3rd amino acid

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4
Q

cysteine cysteine bonds

A

covalent between polypep. chains

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5
Q

protein secretion

A

to get proteins from cytosol to surface and outside to do work
requires ATP
primary way: Sec 2

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6
Q

Flagella and secretion

A

motillity

external structures

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7
Q

pili and secretion

A

external

motility and adhesion

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8
Q

porins and others

A

proteins for specific transport

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9
Q

adhesions

A

adhesion
specificly sticking
like key in lock

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10
Q

toxins

A

at some conc. it will kill the cell

anything can be toxin (unless we’re talking in regards to secretions)

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11
Q

effectors

A

proteins secreted by bacteria INTO cytosol of HOST cell

via type III, type IV, type VI

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12
Q

Gram Negative secretion types

A

named by order found
Sec dependent
Sec independent

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13
Q

Sec independent

A

Type I
Type III
Type IV

doesn’t need intermembrane protein sec

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14
Q

Sec dependent

A

Type II
Type V
Type VI

does require Sec protein

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15
Q

Type II

A

specific secretion, similar to type I (specific)
ATP hydrolysis
dependent on Sec secretion system

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16
Q

Type I

A

simple
secrete a single protein
toxin secretion

independent

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17
Q

Type III

A

needle like
effectors: cytosol to cytosol
independent

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18
Q

Type IV

A

needle like
effectors: cytosol to cytosol
independent

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19
Q

Type V

A

autotransporters
sec dependent, go to periplasm
don’t use cytosolic nrg
secreted w/ enough nrg to assemble on surface or be secreted

subsets:
secrete proteins OR stay on surface

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20
Q

what do all secretion systems have in common?

A

how bacteria do work outside of cell

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21
Q

Toxins

A

lethal signaling to human cells

high enough conc when Endo-A or Peptidoglycan, apoptosis

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22
Q

Endotoxin-Lipid A

23
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

proinflammator/immunostimulatory

24
Q

Protein Based Toxins

A

produced by bacteria, actively change human cells (negatively)

IgA protease
Clostridial toxins (tetanis toxin)
A-B toxins (2 subuints, A and B) (Shiga toxin)
25
A subunit
interacts with host protein to KILL cells
26
B subunit
delivers A subunit to host cytosol
27
Shiga Toxin (AB example)
changes ribosomes so they can't function | cleaves rRNA
28
IgA Protease
secreted proteins specifically modify host proteins IgA is a type of antibody found in mucous of body PROTEASE cleaves it so you can't recognize the problems
29
Endotoxins
surface acting toxins signal in cell causes death lipid A
30
Hemolysin
pore forming toxins | similar to AB, but just poke a hole and cytosol leaks out
31
Anthraz/ AB toxins
recognized on surface get in cell A portion causes death
32
Effectors
syringe | death
33
Autotransporters (Type V)
``` large proteins structure to get through outer membrane and stick out to world bacterial tool box, many different effector domains possible on tip function as: -enzymes -adhesins -toxins -hemolysins ```
34
examples of Autotransporters
IgA protease: cleavage of host proteins YadA: Adhesion to host FhaAL adhesion to blood cells BimA/ActA: actin motility in host cell
35
Type III: Needle
GRAM NEGATIVE secretion across THREE membranes (bacterial inner and outer, host) virulence
36
Type IV: Needle
``` Pilus associated Conjugation: horizontal transfer of DNA secretion of DNA ad protein across 3 membranes examples: - H. pylori: proteins to host -A. tumefaciens: DNA to host -E. Coli ```
37
Plant example: Agobacterium tumefaciens
type 4 secretion... secrete DNA into plants - DNA means make very specific sugar which supports A. tumefaciens (and only this can use it) - huge tumor - but tree is still healthy :) - bacteria can thrive in this specific (self created) niche application: in lab, you can put any gene you want on it!
38
Adhension
increase opportunity to be in a place to replicate sticking to specific molecular strucutres, like surace of host cell how bacteria percieve the world stick to food
39
motility
twitiching: solid surface gliding: smooth directional movement, semsolid surface swimming: movement in fluid
40
type 5 secretion and actin motility
causes actin polymerization this allows for movement bacteria pushed by actin
41
Type I pili
``` adhesion requires chaperone and usher gram plus and minus 3 proteins (pili, chap. usher) rigid ``` inert protein on surface, job is to adhere
42
chaperone
in cytosol | prevents polymerization in cytosol
43
usher
in periplasm | prevents polymerization in periplasm
44
Type IV Pili: Retractile
twitching and gliding motility DNA uptake Manipulation of host cell made of may proteins extend pili, stick to surface, retract
45
twitching
random
46
gliding
single direction
47
consequences of Retractile (Type 4) pili
pull on surface of the cell collectively to trick the human cell into not having an immune response (Gonorrhea)
48
Flagella
multi protein motility struture with motor rather than needle likely evolved from type 3 secretion
49
Flagella... how bacteria find their way
to food... due to concentrations | can rotate in 2 directions
50
counterclockwise spinning
Running all flagella get together move in straight line forward if moving into higher conc of food
51
clockwise spinning
tumbles flagella all go different ways if moving into lower conc of food
52
most important thing about eukaryotes
they have internal membranes
53
eukaryote membranes
``` posphoipid bilayer plasma and internal membranes cell walls (chitin in fungi, cellulose in plants) ```

Micro 205 Exam 1 (9 decks)

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