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Trauma > 5) Burns > Flashcards

5) Burns Flashcards

1
Q

(duration to burn a child) A.120 degrees
B.125 degrees 2 minutes
C.140 degrees 6 seconds
D.150 degrees 2 seconds

A

A.10 minutes
B.2 minutes
C.6 seconds
D.2 seconds

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2
Q

4 dif/ burns:

A

thermal, electrical, chem, radiation,

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3
Q

skin tolerates up to ? degrees

A

111F

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4
Q

Heat gradient

A

H → L heat will go

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5
Q

Extent of burn injury related to amount of

A

heat energy transferred to skin (Heat gradient)

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6
Q

Factors of burn severity:

A

Duration, Exposure, temp, surface

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7
Q

agent’s temperature relation to potential damage.

A

greater the agent’s temp, the greater its potential to cause damage.

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8
Q

Jacksons Theory of Thermal Burns 3 burn zones:

A

1st Zone of Coagulation 2nd Zone of Stasis 3rd Zone of Hyperemia

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9
Q

(Jacksons Theory) Zone of Coagulation:

A

Area of burn nearest to the heat source (most damage & tissue necrosis)Most damaged area

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10
Q

Zone of Hyperemia:

A

surrounding Area of erythema, damage with more RBC coming to area b/c/& cap/s more permeable (increased blood supply) trying to get phagocytes to inside for healing process
Sig burns have sig swelling from shift of fluid

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10
Q

Zone of Stasis / “Ischemia”:

A

Less damaged area adjacent to the Zone of Coagulation (treatable & posible reversible damage)

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11
Q

Thermal burn phases:

A

Emergent, Fluid-shift, Hypermetabolic, & Resolution phase

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12
Q

(Thermal burn phases) Emergent phase:

A

Vtach, cells anaerobic Body’s initial reaction to burn; pain response (afferent nerves damage> Nor/Epi release > tachycardia ; unless on beta blockers

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13
Q

(Thermal burn phases) Fluid-shift phase:

A

2nd phase; can last up to 24 hours; larger than 15 to 20%(BSA) of total body surface area
vasodilates & capillaries more permeable for phagocytosis

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14
Q

(Thermal burn phases) Hypermetabolic phase:

A

3rd phase Days or weeks depending on burn severity; increase in body’s demands for nutrients; begins process of repairing damaged tissue (needs Glucose, amino acids, carbohydrates, O2 to support damage)

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15
Q

(Thermal burn phases) Resolution phase:

A

4th phase Scar tissue laid down and remodeled; rehabilitate and return to normal function (weeks to months) new collagen & usually doesnt remodel to original state & makes escar (burn keloid) bc overgrowth

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16
Q

“pressure” of electric flow

A

Voltage

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17
Q

“energy” or amount of flow in given time

A

Current; measured in amperes

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18
Q

Ohm’s law:

A

relationship between current (I), resistance (R), voltage (V)

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19
Q

Electricity follows path of

A

least resistance w/ entry & exit wound: Nerves & blood vessels

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20
Q

Lightning can still strike you if proximity up to:

A

up to 50yrds can strike you

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21
Q

Chemical burns:

A

biochemical makeup of cell membranes; destroy cells

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22
Q

Direct current (DC):
Alternating current (AC):

A

= electrons flow in one direction > grab on can’t let go
= reverses flow in short intervals (60 cycles change electrons’’ flow) can let go

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23
Q

Lightning shock pathway to heart can & b/c:

A

= PSNS & SNS attach heart “defib w/o defibrillator” put in dysrhythmia or arrest

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24
Q

Denature:

A

take away natural state (from chem burns)

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25
Q

Alkalotic vs acidotic burns severity

A

Alkalotic burns > Acidotic burns

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26
Q

Lightning strikes frequency & strike proximity

A

~100times a sec around world & up to 50yrds can strike you

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27
Q

Chemical burns effect:

A

Denature biochemical makeup of cell membranes; destroy cells

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27
Q

best way to wash eyes

A

Morgan lens ((hard lens/contacts hooked up to water)

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28
Q

Radiation burns:
Factors:

A

= from nuclear sources Damages cells mischapping them & replicating thus cancer
= duration, Distance, shielding

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29
Q

(Rad) S/S of Exposure:
First sign:
Lethal Dose Exposure:

Organ shutdown:

A

= SLUDGEM PSNS S/S
= slight nausea & fatigue
= Emesis & malaise, Epistaxis, mouth, gums, & rectum (Vomiting usually lethal exposure
= Death

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30
Q

Geiger Counter:
Dosimeter:

A

= Radiation emission measured w/ Dosimeter
= Cumulative exposure recorded

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31
Q

1 Types of Radiation:
2 Radioactive Particles:
3 Alpha:
4 Beta:
5 Ionizing Rays:
6 Gamma:
7 X-Rays:
8 Atomic:

A

1= Radioactive Particles & Ionizing Rays
2= Alpha &Beta:
3= least worry & deflected w/ newspaper
4= flys further w/o skin penetration
5= Gamma & X-Rays
6= worst, several ft of concrete & lead
7= penetrates skin
8= nuclear reactor

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32
Q

(Radiation) Duration:
Distance:
Shielding:

A

= Radiation exposure accumulative danger
= Rad/ strength lessens quickly as distance from source increases
= More material between you & rad/ source, < exposure experienced

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33
Q

Light Burns:
Inhalation Burns:
Toxic inhalation:
Cyanide & carbon monoxide are released via:

A

= Intense light from arc welder, industrial laser (Ultraviolet keratitis)
= Inhaled gases, heated air, flames, steam; airway & resp/ injury
= Synthetic resins & plastics release toxic gases as they burn
= fake wood & such burning thus Toxic inhalation

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34
Q

Stridor w/ inhalation burns:

Bad Airway burns might might need:

A

= AKA “crowing” larynx last defense against heat then swells 2/3s so intubate asap bc only worsens (Press chest & follow bubbles)
= Might need to nasal endotracheal intubation w/ BAAM & Endotrol tube (ET w/ trigger) BAAM> High=inhale &Low=exhale

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35
Q

1 (Burn depth) 3rd degree:
2 feeling & appearance:

A

1= full thickness burn down to SCT may involve M. bone & organs
2= leather, looks Charred, dark brown or white, hard to touch “painless”

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35
Q

(Burn depth) Degrees:

A

= 1st/Superficial, 2nd/partial, 3rd/full/complete

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36
Q

(Burn depth) 1st degree:

A

= Epidermis only, red skin, pain & tender, NO blister(can lose temp/reg)

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36
Q

(Moderate criteria) Superficial:
Partial thickness burns:
Full thickness burns:

A

= BSA >50%
= BSA <30%
= BSA <10%

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37
Q

(Burn depth) 2nd degree:

A

= Partial, EPi & Dermis burned: intense pain, fluid shift comes up thus blisters, RED to WHITE, moist & mottled w/ shifts

38
Q

(Critical Criteria) 3rd & 2nd Degree criteria:
Any 2nd or 3rd degree burns involving:
Burn types that’re critical & Rx:

A

= 3rd>10% & 2nd>30%
= Face, Hands, Genitalia, Circumferential, Feet, (Dipping), Airway
= Chem, high voltage, Burns w/ major trauma go trauma center 1st then burn center

39
Q

(Wallace Rule of 9s) used only for:
Adult %s:
infants (0-1):
Form:

A

= burns >10%
= 1 genitals, 9 head thoracic & ABDMN, distal anterior (applies to other areas) arm 4 ½
= head 18, arm 9, legs 13.5, 18 front thoracic & ABDMN
= # of child -1 > take away from head then give to each leg (Applicable up 10y/o) For every year beyond age 1, subtract 1 from head / that # & add it evenly between the 2 legs.

40
Q

Rule of palm:

A

use of PT hand = 1% of BSA (burns <10%)

41
Q

Burn worries:

A

= Hypothermia, Hypovol/, Electrolyte imbalance /HyperK, Infection

42
Q

(Burn worries) Hypothermia:

A

Burn may disrupt body’s ability to reg/ core temp, If burn is extensive, uncontrolled body heat loss induces rapid, severe hypothermia.

43
Q

(Burn worries) Hypovolemia:

A

Tissue destruction reduces/eliminates skin’s ability to contain fluid w/in, Inability of damaged blood vessels to retain plasma causes fluid & electrolyte shift into burned tissue & Takes 4-6hrs to dev/

44
Q

(Burn worries) Electrolyte imbalance:

A

Body’s ability to reg Na,K,& electrolytes is overwhelmed, Careful electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and fluid resuscitation help prevent hyperkalemic
Succholyine depolarzing makes hyperK worse

45
Q

(Burn worries) Infection:

A

natural body bacteria can kill & become opertunicle & Most persistent killer of burn victims & Does not appear for several days following acute injury, Pathogens pose hazard to life when they grow to massive numbers

45
Q

Eschar:

A

= Burn destroys dermal cells; Skin constricts over wound site, increasing pressure of edema beneath & restricting flow of blood (compartment syndrome) May be severe enough to occlude all blood flow into distal extremity

46
Q

(Burn worry) late stage Organ failure:

A

= can go into rhabdo from myglobins; Burn process releases material from damaged or dying body cells into bloodstream, May cause kidney failure, liver failure, arrhythmias, possible cardiac arrest.

47
Q

Escharotomy =

A

= release pressure w/ cutting burn to relief fluid pressure

48
Q

Special pop of burns:
PT’s cope less b/c:

A

= GERI, Pedi, & PTs ill/injured have >dif coping w/ burn injuries
= Fluid retention, <fluid reserves, <able to combat infection, More apt to have underlying diseases

49
Q

!!!Parkland Burn Form for:
form:

A

= (BSA >20% only 2 & 3 degree burns)
= 4 mL x BSA x Weight (kg) = ½ 1st 8 Hrs & ½ next 16Hrs

50
Q

Dry dressing for burns:
Wet dressing for burns:

A

= >10%
= <10%

51
Q

(Parkland Burn Form) EX: 32yo male found with 10% BSA 1st degree burns, 10% BSA 2nd degree burns, and 10% BSA 3rd degree burns. The patient is 110 pounds.
1. 4 mL x BSA x Weight (kg)
2. Total mL / 2 = (Amount to give for:
3. How many mL’s per hr?
4. How many gtts/min using a 10 gtt/mL IV drip set?
5. Know w/ formula:

A
  1. 4mL X 20 (2nd + 3rd degree burns) X 50 (kg) = 4000 mL
  2. 4000 mL / 2 = 2000 mL (Amount to give 1st 8 hours then next 16Hrs)
  3. 2000 mL / 8 = 250 mL per/hour for 1st 8 hrs
  4. 42 gtts/min
  5. Pick closest option choice for gtts & Vol calculated. Use biggest bores& macro drips
52
Q

1 CO monitors: carboxy, carbmino, methemo
2 Cyanide A&P:
3 (Cyanokit): Dynamics:

4 (Cyanokit) Indications:
5 (Cyanokit) Contras:
6 (Cyanokit)Adverse Effects:

7 (Cyanokit)Adult Dose:

8 (Cyanokit) Pediatric Dose:

A

1= carboxy, carbmino, methemo
2= cytochrome oxidase blocks cells from using O2
3= Hydroxocobalamin “vitamin B12”; Binds w/ cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin, preventing its toxic effects.
4= Suspected cyanide poisoning
5= Known hypersensitivity to medication
6= HyperBP, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, N/V/D, Red urine (may last 2-5 weeks)
7= (Use fluid to dilute w/ 100mLs) 5G IV/IO over 15 minutes May repeat a 2nd 5G for a max cumulative dose of 10Gs
8= 70 mg/kg IV/IO (max 5 grams) over 15 mis

53
Q

1 (Morphine)
2 Pharmacodynamics:
3 Indications:
4 Contraindications:
5 Adverse Effects:
6 Adult Dose:
7 Pediatric Dose:
8 Keep on standby:

A

1 = not same as Morphine Sulfate
2= Narcotic (opioid) Schedule II Narcotic releases histamine allergy
3= Moderate to severe pain
4= SBP<90 & Known hypersensitivity
5= HypoBP, Syncope Tachy/BradyC, Resp/Depres, Apnea, N/V
6= 2-10 mg or 0.1 mg/kg to max dose (max 20 mg) IV, IO, IM, SQ & PO
7= 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO (slow) or IM up to 10 mg
8= Narcan is an antagonist

54
Q

1(Fentanyl) know:
2 Pharmacodynamics:
3 Indications:
4 Contraindications:
5 Adverse Effects:
6 Adult & Pediatric Dose same:

7 Antidote:

A

1= quicker but shorter duration than Morp (100 mcg=10 mg Morp)
2= , Schedule II Narcotic (opioid), sig/ more potent than morphine
3= Moderate to severe pain, Anesthetic
4= Known hypersensitivity to med, SBP <90
5= HypoBP, N/V, Cramps, CHEST WALL RIGIDITY, Resp/depress
6= 1mcg/kg to max of 100 mcg (IV/IO/IM/IN) may repeat PRN in 5-10 minutes w/ Max of 1 mL per nostril if administered IN
7= Narcan is an antagonist

55
Q

1 (Ketamine) know:
2 Pharmacodynamics:
3 Indications:
4 Contraindications:
5 Adverse Effects:
6 Adult & Pedi Pain Dose:
7 Dissociation dose:

A

1= retrograde amnesia, Raises BP,
2= + sympathetic response, Sedative-hypnotic & analgesic med
3= Moderate to severe pain & SFI/RSI
4= History of hypersensitivity to med, Hypertension
5= Severe hallucinations and/or nightmares
6= 0.2 mg/kg/1-2min IV/IO w/ a max single dose of 20 mg
7= 0.5 mg/kg IN/IM

56
Q

Caring for chem/ burn, its keen to know if its acid or an alkali b/c:
If carbon monoxide is present should also suspect the presence of:

A

= Alkalis continue to destroy cell membranes via liquefaction necrosis
= Cyanide

57
Q

1 Children for the Rules of Nines, the head is awarded:
2 Children for the Rules of Nines, each leg is awarded:
3 Children for the Rules of Nines, each arm is awarded:
4 Children for the Rules of Nines, the anterior trunk is awarded:
5 Children for the Rules of Nines, the posterior trunk is awarded:

A

1= 18 % of body surface area.
2= 13.5% of body surface area.
3= 9% of body surface area.
4= 18% of body surface area.
5= 18% of body surface area.

58
Q

1 Adults for the Rules of Nines, the head is awarded:
2 Adults for the Rules of Nines, the genitalia is awarded:
3 Adults for the Rules of Nines, the posterior trunk is awarded:
4 Adult for the Rules of Nines, each arm is awarded:
5 Adults for the Rules of Nines, each leg is awarded:
6 Adults for the Rules of Nines, the anterior trunk is awarded:

A

1= 9 % of body surface area.
2= 1 % of body surface area.
3= 9 % of body surface area.
4= 18 % of body surface area.
5= 18 % of body surface area.
6= 18 % of body surface area.

59
Q

Burn injury in an enclosed space, always consider the possibility of:
Supraglottic structures are useful w/ burns b/c:

A

= Inhalation Burns
= B/c very moist mucosa lines the airway Supraglottic airways may absorb heat and prevent lower airway burns

59
Q

Fluid resuscitation is an important part of treating serious burns. The formula for the amount of IV fluid needed to be infused includes:

A

4 mL × patient weight (kg) × BSA burned

60
Q

True or false) A burn is a progressive process:
Burns resulting from exposure to heat are called:

A

= True
= Thermal Burns

61
Q

When estimating size of a small burn, best method to use is the:
Using “rule of nines” for total BSA burned, dif/ w/ infants & adults:

A

= Rule of palms (up to about 10% BSA)
= Lower EXTRMs of infant need to be increased by 4.5%

61
Q

The following burn patterns is usually seen with child abuse:

A

“Stocking burns” to lower legs, Circumferential burns on buttocks, Multiple circular burns of the same size to the arms and legs

62
Q

1 Resp/ arrest from electrical burn is a result of:
2 The “pressure” of the electric flow is known as:
3 PTs in cardiac arrest b/c electrical current have high survival rate if:
4 human body relation w/ current:
5 Electrical injuries’ usually damage:

A

1= immobilization of M.s from prolong exposure to electrical current
2= Voltage
3= Prehospital intervention is prompt
4= Body offers resistance to the flow of electricity
5= does lots of damage to muscle tissue & other tissues

62
Q

1 One of the chief functions of the skin is:
2 The skin is comprised of 3 layers:
3 Layer that serves as stratum of insulation vs trauma & heat loss is:
4 Layer that contains blood vessels, glands, & nerve endings is:
5 Full-thickness burns can involve injury to:
6 The integumentary system relation to NS:

A

1= Temp regulation
2= Epidermis, Dermis, & Subcutaneous Tissue
3= Subcutaneous Tissue
4= Dermis
5= blood vessels, nerves, M. T., bone, & sometimes internal organs.
6= is not part of the nervous system

63
Q

Effects of heat can cause structural proteins to break down. Term for this altering of the usual substance of something is:

A

Denaturing

64
Q

Reddened skin, edema, blisters, & pain is which burn class:
2nd degree burn to an adult’s upper & lower back represents:
PT w/ 2nd degree burn to chest & back will benefit

A

= Partial Thickness
= approximately 18% total BSA
= from burn center care

64
Q

Area nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage is called the zone of:

A

Coagulation

65
Q

Burn injuries should be assigned a higher priority when they affect:
You should increase the severity of a burn patient by 1Lvl w/:

A

= Pediatric PTs
= pediatric & elderly patients

65
Q

Fluid shift phase of the burn process major sign:
During a burn, loss of plasma protein will what:

A

= Massive edema due to the fluid shift
= reduce body’s ability to draw fluids from uninjured Ts back into vascular compartment

66
Q

The presence of blisters differentiates:
A sunburn, resulting in red, painful skin, is EX of:
A superficial, or first-degree burn, involves:

A

= between a superficial and partial-thickness burn
= a 1st degree burn.
= only the epidermis

67
Q

The stage of the burn process characterized by catecholamine and pain-mediated reaction is called the:

A

Emergent Phase

68
Q

The most persistent killer of burn victims is:
Burn injuries carry an increased danger of:

A

= Infection
= infection

69
Q

Rad/ only sig/ hazard if inhaled/ingests contaminated material is:
Neutron radiation is:

A

= Alpha
= uncommon outside of nuclear power reactors & Bombs

69
Q

T. or F.) Dry lime burn should 1st be flushed w/ water & then dried off

A

False

69
Q

When caring for a patient with a full-thickness burn, remember that:
PTs who’re candidates for immediate transport to a burn center:

A

= margins are frequently partial-thickness burns thus quite painful
= Sig/ burns to: face, feet, hands, or perineal area

70
Q

Ketamine) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Sedation Dose:
Pain dose:

A

= Dissociative anesthetic. NMDA Receptor Antagonist Anesthetic
= Sedation, SFI/RSI, Analgesic
= Hypersensitivity
= Sedation: 1-2 mg/kg Onset: 30-60 secs, Duration: 10-20 mins
= Pain: 0.2 mg/kg IV/IO (max single dose 20 mg), 0.5 mg/kg IM/IN (if no IV/IO)

71
Q

Methylene Blue) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= Water soluable thiazine dye helps metHb to hemoglobin conversion
= Methemoglobinemia (metHb), Nitrate OD/poisoning
= Hypersensitivity
= 1 mg/kg IV/IO over 5-30 minutes.

72
Q

Morphine) Dynamics:

indications:
Contra:
Analgesia:
STEMI:
NSTEMI-ACS:

A

= Narcotic (Schedule II Opioid) Analgesia & sedation via binding to opiate receptor
= Ischemic chest pain not relieved by Nitroglycerin
= Hypersensitivity. Uncorrected hypotension (<90 SBP)
= 2-10 mg up to max 20 mg.
= 2-4mg slow IV/O, may admin 2nd dose 2-8mg IV/IO q5-15 mins
= 0.1 mg/kg slow IV/IO or IM up to 10 mg

73
Q

Rocuronium) Dynamics
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Binds to ACh receptors
=DSI/RSI
= Hypersensitivity
= 0.6-1.2 mg/kg. TTP: 60-90 secs. DOP: 45-120 mins

74
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%) Dynamics:

Indications:

Contra:
Suspected acidosis Dose:
Hyperkalemia Dose:

A

= Alkalinizing Agent. Increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concertration, raises blood pH & reverses clinical manifestations of acidosis.
= Suspected hyperkalemia, suspected bicarbonateresponsive acidosis (DKA, OD on TCA’s, Aspirin or Cocaine)
= Patients in cardiac arrest
= 1 mEq/kg, Hyperkalemia:
= 50 mEq IV bolus.

75
Q

Fentanyl) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

=Synthetic Narcotic (Schedule II Opioid)
= Analgesia & sedation via binding to opiate receptor, sig/ more potent than morphine (100 mcg = 10 mg of Morphine)
= Moderate-Severe pain
= Hypersensitivity, SBP<90
=1mcg/kg to a max dose 100 mcg (IV/IO/IM/) may repeat PRN in 5-10
= 1mcg/kg IN may repeat PRN 5-10mins (Max 1mL PRN if admin/ed IN)

76
Q

Methylene Blue) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= H20 soluable thiazine dye promotes converting metHb>hemoglobin
= Methemoglobinemia (metHb), Nitrate overdose/poisoning = Hypersensitivity
= 1 mg/kg IV/IO over 5-30 mins

77
Q

Morphine) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

Narcotic (Schedule II Opioid). Analgesia & sedation w/ binding to opiate receptor
= Ischemic chest pain not relieved by Nitro
= Hypersensitivity. Uncorrected SBP<90
= Analgesia: 2-10 mg up to max 20 mg
STEMI: 2-4 mg slow IV/IO, may admin 2nd dose of 2-8 mg IV/IO q5-15 mins intervals
NSTEMI-ACS: 0.1mg/kg slow IV/IO or IM up to 10 mg.

78
Q

Rocuronium) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker Binds to ACh receptors
= DSI/RSI
= Hypersensitivity
= 0.6-1.2 mg/kg. TTP: 60-90 seconds. DOP: 45-120 minutes

79
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= Alkalinizing Agent +plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess H+ conc/, raises blood pH & reverses manifestations of acidosis.
= Suspected hyperK or acidosis (DKA, OD on TCA’s, Aspirin or Cocaine)
= PTs in cardiac arrest
= Suspected acidosis:1 mEq/kg
=Hyperkalemia: 50 mEq IV bolus.

80
Q

(Propofol/ Diprivan) Class:
Dose:

A

= Sedative
= 1-2 mg//kg IV/IO Onset: <1min, Lasts: 5-10mins

81
Q

1 Alkalis are commonly used as:
2 Acids burns:

3 Alkalis burns:

A

1= oven and drain cleaners, agricultural fertilizers, and in industry
2= form thick, insoluble mass where they contact T. via coagulation necrosis, limiting burn damage
3= continue destroy cell membranes via liquefaction necrosis, allowing them to penetrate underlying tissue & causing deeper burns

82
Q

Beta radiation can travel and can penetrate

A

6 to 10 feet through air & a few layers of clothing.

83
Q

Alpha rad/ strength, traveling distance, & penetration:

A

very weak energy source & travels only INs in air, cannot penetrate the epidermis & stopped by paper & clothing

84
Q

Factors Affecting Exposure to Radiation:

A

Duration of exposure, Distance from source, Shielding from source

85
Q

1 Minor burn criteria:
2 3 Critical burn criteria:
3 Moderate burn criteria:

A

1= Partial thickness: BSA <10%, Superficial: BSA <50% (sunburns, etc)
3= Inhale injury, Full thickness: BSA >10%, Partial thickness: BSA >30%
2= Superficial: BSA >50%, Partial thickness: BSA <30%, Full thickness: BSA <10%, partial or full thickness burns involving hands, feet, joints, face, or genitalia

86
Q

1 (PTs in severe pain w/ narcotic analgesia) morphine:

2 Fentanyl
3 Ketamine use:

A

1 = 2-5 mg IV increments every 5mins til’ pain is relieved. Use w/ caution b/c it can depress resp/ drive & increase any existing hypovol/
2= start w/ loading dose 25-50mcg IV & repeat doses as needed
3= may be an alternative to fentanyl in selected patients.

87
Q

Remember w/ IVs on burn PTs:

A

Adhesive tape doesn’t stick to burn tissue & can injure the skin when it is removed. Try to secure the IVs by alternative means (w/ gentle circumferential bandaging) when possibly

88
Q

Avoid prophylactic antibiotics because

A

early use has been shown to actually worsen outcomes for burn PT

89
Q

2 cyanide antidote regimens are available:

Sodium nitrite dose :
Sodium thiosulfate dose:

A

= Pasadena cyanide kit (amyl nitrite, Na nitrite, & Na thiosulfate) & newer antidote Cyanokit (hydroxocobalamin)
= 300 mg sodium nitrite over 2 to 4 minutes for adults.
= administer 12.5 g of for the adult.

90
Q

blepharospasm

A

Examine the eyes for eyelid spasm

Trauma (11 decks)

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