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Trauma > 2) MOI > Flashcards

2) MOI Flashcards

1
Q

MOI:
Energy:
Inertia:

A

= mech of injury how the injury happened
= Ability to do work
= law of Inertia (Newton’s 1st law) helps explain how objects in motion behave

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2
Q

Newton’ s 1st law:

Newtons 2nd Law:

A

= (inertia): body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon an outside force “Body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon upside force”
= “law forces at work stay in work during collision”

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3
Q

Kinetic energy:
Kinetic Energy form:

A

=energy of a object in motion (by objects mass & its velocity
= (Mass x Velocity ^2)/ 2 ½ x mv^2

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4
Q

Force:
Force formula:

A

= force related to a objects mass(weight) and/or achange in velocity
= mass x Acceleration

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5
Q

Biomechanic of trauma:
Occur w/ 2 forms:

A

= manner in which energy exchange damages human tissue
= blunt or penetrating

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6
Q

Faster and/or mass relation to energy:
Cavitation’s relation to speed:
Energy exchange Study of:

A

= more deceleration > more transfer of energy
= Faster object greater cavitation
= “kinetics of energy compact”

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7
Q

Forces of Blunt trauma:

A

Compression, Shear, Stretch

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8
Q

Compression blunt trauma:
Hematoma:
Contusion:
Ecchymosis:

A

= impact abruptly stops body part while inertia continues (hit by bat)
= artery bleed under area
= bruise cap bleed
= discoloration ID contusion

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9
Q

Stretch blunt trauma:

Sciwora:

A

= Tendons & Fibers that (tendons stronger) hold organs & other structures together are pulled & injured or torn
= spinal cord injury with out r a (kids in wreck overstretching neck)

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10
Q

Shear blunt trauma:

Axons shearing:

A

= injury occurs along edges of impacting force or at organ attachments (sudden acceleration) (liver ligament teres cuts liver) (arteriosus ligament shears middle of aorta (ductus oreriosis)
= concussion diffuse axonal injury DAI (changed pep b/c DAI)

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11
Q

MVC) Types of impacts:
Most common impact:
Most deadly impact:
commonly most benign impact:

A

= Frontal, Lateral, Oblique, Roll over, Rear
= Frontal
= Lateral (b/c less crumble zone & Seat belts offer lil protection)
= Rear

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12
Q

MVC) Phase 1:
Phase 2:
Phase 3:
Phase 4:
Phase 5:

A

= Vehicle collision (P1) deceleration
= Body collision (P2) decel/ of occupant
= Organ collision (P3) decel of internal
= 2ndary collision (P4) objects in car
= (P5) car rear end, trees,

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13
Q

Seat belts:
Maternal relation w/ seat belts:
Cullen’s sign:
Most common organ injuries:
SRS:

A

= vehicle restraints, reduced # of collision related deaths
= US #1 maternal death, hips/pelvis not ABDMN
= internal bleed abdominally
= Spleen adults Liver kids
= supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) 1st used for front impacts, airbag inflation to cushion energy

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14
Q

Impact notes:

A

> 12inch intrusion could be critical injuries & Hybrids can electrocute

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15
Q

Frontal car impact:
(FCI) Restrained pathway:
(FCI) Unrestrained pathway:

A

= most common, Spider windshield, Pneumo b/c paper bag syndrome
= fold over, chest/ABDMN, <injuries
= Up & Over, down & under, ejection (most injuries)

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16
Q

Rear Car impact:
(RCI) common injuries:

A

= read-end, commonly most benign
= Whip lash, common C-Spine injuries

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17
Q

Lateral Car Impact:
more deadly impact b/c:
(LCI) body pathway & injurie:

A

= hit from side aka T-bone(most dealy b/c less crumble zone)
= Seat belts offer lil protection
= Coupe-Countre-Coupe injury > neck/head toward impact & body w/ impact

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18
Q

Oblique Car Impact:

A

= occurs when lateral impact is off center aka “spin/rotating”

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19
Q

Roll Over Car Impact:
(ROCI) injuries:

A

= car is flipping (high critical “drying machine”)
= Multiple impacts from hitting each part of car w/ each 1/4 rotation

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20
Q

Blunt T. to head & neck mortality% & w/ MVC:

A

= 85% mortality (Focus head neck chest abdomen)

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21
Q

(Blood vol/ loss) Pelvis:
Femur:
Humorous:

A

= 2-3Liters
= 1.5Liters per femur
= 750ml per humorous

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22
Q

Motorcycles often serious trauma b/c:
Frontal Moto/ pathway & Injuries:
Angular Moto/ pathway & Injuries:
Sliding Moto/ pathway & Injuries:
Ejection Moto/ pathway & Injuries:

A

= rider tends to absorb much of crash injuries (lots of heads injuries
= most common front dips propelling rider & handlebars catch lower
= “side swipe or lateral” impact w/ guard rails Mostly ortho-injuries
= < chances of ejections) more rashes & “most safe”
= very common, usually more serious injuries Initial Biker then Ground

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23
Q

Removing moto helmets:

A

Paramedic remove that helmet!!! For A&B,
Remove if Helmet isn’t snug &/or bad integrity
Contra: impaled through helmet & skull

24
Q

AUTOPED) 1st impact:
2nd impact:
3rd impact:
Off-road injuries:
Kids Waddell’s triad:

A

= auto strikes body
= pedestrian thrown
= body strikes ground or object
= pop increased, usually remote areas, offer less protection,
= turn toward bumper b/c stupid, bumper hits kids pelvis & femur, chest & ABDMN hit grill, head strikes ground b/c buckethead

25
Q

Falls:
Examine:
Axial loading:
FOOSH (Fall onto an outstretched hand)
Colles’ fracture:
Smith’s fracture: out
>20ft greater risk of
Aortic anyrusem to tear:

A

= most common blunt trauma, risk increase w/ age, sig fall 2-3x height
= height, position, surface PT landed on, physical condition of PT
= loading on axial skelton via falling (E starts heel to lumber)
= influxing wrist fractures from fall impact
= efflucing wrist fractures from fall impact “Palm out”
= internal organ damage
= pain tearing to chest shoulders back
= tearing pain from chest goes to back

26
Q

Blast injuries:
Conventional bomb:
Dirty bomb:

A

= Effects pulmonary system significantly
= most common >Pipe bombs, fireworks, ect
= Conventional bomb w/ reactive material

27
Q

Blast phases) Primary:
2ndary: flying debris hitting you
Tertiary: thrown off of feet onto something
Quaternary: misc event: tree falls on you, radioactive (dirty bomb)
Isolated blast injury:
Contra blast injury:
Underwater blasts:

A

= Primary: decompression of lungs
= flying debris hitting you
= thrown off of feet onto something/ground
= misc event: tree falls on you or radioactive injury(dirty bomb)
= injury same side of impact
= opposite side of impact
= enhances injury/death w/ pressure wave

28
Q

Crush injuries w/ compartment syndrome occur IRL & per book:
Hyperkalemia sign:
Crush/Hyperkalemia sign:

Crush injury:

A

= ~ >3hrs & 4Hrs per book
= (T wave>10boxes/mountain hyperkalemia)
= Calcium-Chloride to “fool cell” then Sodium bi-carb 50mEq or 20mg Albuterol 15LPM
= Major compression of tissue causing them to open up, (releases K & acid)

29
Q

Compartment syndrome:

A

extrems contain M.s & swelling inside self (usually benign injury but body reacts extreme) (infection)

30
Q

Compartment syndrome 6 Ps) 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th

A

1= Pain (always 1st) seems exaggerated from story
2= Pallor (lacking blood flow)
3= Paralysis Efferent N-Fibers damaged
4= Paresthesia afferent N-fibers pushed
5= Pressures (BP < & palpable pressure w/ palpation)
6= Pulses (dim/ gone)

31
Q

Penetrating trauma:
Perforating trauma:
(3lvls of Penetrating trauma) 1st Lvl:
2nd Lvl:
3rd Lvl:
Ballistics:
Factors of bullet speed/damage:
Trajectory:
Cavitation:
Profile:

A

= object pierces the skin and enters the body
= object pierces through & through body
= Low velocity: knifes, swords, ect
= Medium: handguns
= High-velocity: Rifles
= study of projectiles in motion & effects on objects
= Trajectory, Drag, Cavitation, Velocity, Profile, Shape:
= curved path bullet follows after fired from a gun
= Outward motion of cavity due to projectiles speed & vacuums
= cross-section of bullet along its direction of travel

32
Q

Large Vessels:
Solid Organs injuries:
Scaphoid:
Evisceration Treat:
Hallow Organs injuries:

A

= Carotid ex/Internal, Aorta
= vascular, Liver(lig/ teres), spleen, kidneys, pancreas, & brain
= diaphram to L
= wet dressing & wet gloves
= spill contents out usually> GI, lungs, less bleeding but more likely to get infected, compress & rebound or explode

33
Q

% of all Trauma deaths:
% of GSW account for HT death:
%s of penetrating neck trauma:
%s of penetrating chest trauma are fatal:
% of great vessels injuries & due to:
minimal diameter for sucking chest wound

A

= 50% of all Trauma deaths is head trauma
= 35% GSW account for Head Trauma deaths
= 5-10% penetrating neck trauma (airway & neuro
= 70-80% penetrating chest fatal
= 90% all great vessels injuries due to a penetrating MOI
= At least ¾inch for penetrating Chest wounds to turn sucking

34
Q

Permissive hypotensive IV therapy:

A

just enough fluid to get pulse used in bleeding cant control

35
Q

ABDOMEN/Pelvic expanding means

A

massive hemorrhage can’t control

36
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias and kidney damage can occur w/ crush injuries due to:

A

Buildup of toxins in the crushed limb

37
Q

“Laying the bike down” results in

A

the bike absorbing much of the energy

38
Q

Form/ “(mass x velocity squared)/2” equals:
Study of processes that bring forces upon human body:
When sig/ kinetic energy is applied to human anatomy:
Objects in motion & E. exchanges w/ collision:

A

= Kinetic energy
= Kinetics of impact
= Trauma
= Kinetics

39
Q

Frontal impact MVC rarity:
Pathways of travel w/ MVC frontal impact are:
Rear-impact MVC injuries:

A

= most common type of impact in MVCs
= Down & under or Up & Over
= commonly limited/benign especially w/ Headrest position properly

40
Q

PT involved in a frontal impact collision w/ their car hit a tree & PT was ejected from vehicle; something sig/ to remember when assessing PT:

A

Ejected victims experience two impacts

41
Q

name of injury occurs as blunt impact abruptly halts part of the body while inertia causes the remaining anatomy to continue its motion.

A

= Compression blunt trauma injury

42
Q

The most common & serious trauma associated w/ explosions is:
The most lethal explosions are those: That cause structural collapse

A

= Pulmonary injury
= That cause structural collapse

43
Q

Recreating incident from evidence @ the scene will help determine:
Mental summation of anticipated injuries based on your analysis is:

A

= Mechanism of injury
= Index of suspicion

44
Q

An injury process frequently associated with steering column impact is the “paper bag” syndrome in which the:

A

Driver takes a deep breath in anticipation of the collision, and lung tissue ruptures when the chest impacts the steering wheel

45
Q

Child carriers should be secured in back seat b/c:
AutoPeds collision adults vs children:

A

= airbag inflation may push carrier into seat thus serious injury/death
= Adults tend to turn away from vehicle & children turn toward it

46
Q

When a vehicle occupant strikes the vehicle’s interior, it is called a(n):
what type of trauma is when kinetic energy force, but not the object, enters the body & damages tissues:

A

= Body collision
= Blunt force trauma

47
Q

w/ seat belts In very strong impacts, a shoulder strap may induce

A

chest contusions and rib fractures

48
Q

Kinetics is the branch of physics dealing w/:
2 basic principles of kinetics are:
Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies:

A

= objects in motion & energy exchanges that occur colliding
= the law of inertia and the law of energy conservation
= “mechanics” motion of a body/system of bodies w/o consideration given to its mass or forces acting on it.

49
Q

2 basic principles of kinetics are:
The law of energy conservation states that:

A

= Laws of energy conservation & Inertia
= Energy can neither be created or destroyed.

50
Q

(Newtons laws) inertia) 1st part of 1st law
2nd Part of 1st Law:
The law of energy conservation states:

A

= “body stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.”
= “body remains in rest unless acted upon by an outside force.”
= “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be changed from 1 form to another.” EX In an auto crash, the changing of energy from one form to another is what deforms the auto and can cause injury to the occupants

51
Q

(Newtons laws) inertia) 2nd law:

force formula is summarized as:

A

= force is related to object’s mass (weight) & rate of its change in velocity (speed)
= Force=Mass (weight)×Acceleration (or deceleration)2

52
Q

Kinetic energy:
kinetic energy formula:
Increasing mass vs. velocity directly increases what:

A

= energy of an object in motion (Fn. of object’s mass & its velocity)
= Kinetic energy=Mass(weight)×Velocity(speed)22
= kinetic energy > +velocity exponentially increases kinetic energy

53
Q

Air bag inflation can also cause injuries:

A

nasal fractures, minor facial lacs, & bruises w/ small stature pep/s seated very close to steering wheel (<12Ins), or dashboard (<18Ins)

54
Q

In northern waters, temps can also rapidly cause hypothermia bc:

A

Water draws heat from the body about 20x faster than air does

55
Q

(Fall) Heart held by:

heart injured b/c:

exsanguination:

A

= heart is held in center of thorax by the aorta, venae cavae, & ligamentum arteriosum.
= w/ sig/ falls the heart is pulled downward w/ such force that it can tear aorta away
= draining of blood severe enough to cause death)

56
Q

MOI:

A

mech of injury how the injury happened

Trauma (11 decks)

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