11) Ortho Flashcards
The phalanges are found in the:
Foot and hand
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone & holds joints:
Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves w/ contraction:
Specialized bands of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone at the insertion:
= Ligament “Align the bone”
= Insertion
= Tendons “Tendons attend to the bone”
Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III are used to classify types of:
Strains
Hip fracture will sometimes present w/ foot & knee positioned:
lateral rotation of the foot & knee
Accelerated bone tissue degeneration due to bone mineral loss, is called:
Osteoporosis
You’d find the innominates & the ischial tuberosities in the:
Pelvis
Pathological fractures result from:
Cancer
Bones of the head, thorax, and spine are known as the:
Axial skeleton
Greenstick fractures are usually found in:
Pediatric patients
Disruption in bone-healing process to a degree that 2 broken bone ends do not rejoin is called:
A nonunion
Internal bleeding from a femoral fracture blood loss w/ class:
= 1500mL of blood loss & class 2
Common reasons for impair the healing process?
= Smoking NSAIDS & Pregnancy
Anterior shoulder displacement presents w/:
Posterior hip dislocation will present w/ the foot:
Knee dislocations normally present w/:
= prominent shoulder w/ the arm close to the chest
= Rotated internally
= the knee at an angle & firmly fixed in place
Joint that allows articulation between atlas & axis of spine:
Joints that do not permit movement are called:
= Pivot joint
= Synarthroses (pubis symphysis)
The hip & shoulder are examples of:
A painful muscle tissue spasm is called a:
= Ball and socket joints
= Cramp
The most frequently fractured bone in the body is the:
Most common cause of musckoskeletol injuries:
= Clavicle
= MVA
Compartment syndrome occurs most often w/:
The “six Ps” of Compartment syndrome:
Complication of musculoskeletal injury is compartment syndrome, caused by:
= Lower leg injuries
= Pain Pallor parenstiea pulses
= Bleeding into, or edema within, a muscle mass surrounded by fasciae that do not stretch
Long bone end w/ growth plate & support structures of joint:
Cavity w/in a bone that contains yellow marrow is:
Central part of a long bone is known as the:
= Epiphysis
= Medullary canal
= Diaphysis
Complete displacement of a bone end from its joint capsule:
Dislocation easily described as:
= Dislocation
= displacement of bones from a joint.
A fractured humerus is best immobilized using a:
Traction splints are applied to injuries to the:
For immobilizing a possible ankle dislocation w/ deformity:
= Sling and swathe
= Femur
= Pillow
Functions of the skeleton include:
Storage of salts & other materials for metabolism, Gives body structural form, Protects vital organs, Allows for efficient m-nt despite gravity, Produces RBCs used to transport oxygen
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm is called the:
The single bone of the proximal upper extremity is the:
= Radius
= Humerus
Cartilage is the tissue that:
Provides the articular surfaces of the skeletal system
In cases of lower-leg injury which bone is more & less likely to fracture:
= Tibia stronger than fibula
When splinting a hand or wrist injury, you should place a roll of bandaging or other material in the patient’s hand to maintain:
Position of function
Fracture involving a twisting motion:
Fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces:
Fracture when there is a diagonal break across a bone:
When complete fracture runs straight across a bone:
Fracture where bone penetrates through the skin:
= Spiral fracture
= Comminuted fracture
= Oblique
= Transverse
= Open
Cancellous vs Cortical bone:
Small perforations of long bones for blood vessels & nerves travel into the bone itself are called:
= Spongy & Hard
= Haversian canals located w/in the medullary canal
Fracture w/in 3 inches of the knee treat as you would:
= as you would a dislocation
Severe trauma that crushes muscles between a blunt force and the skeletal structure beneath, resulting in damage to both the muscle cells and the blood vessels that supply them, is called:
Contusion
Evaluate the distal extremity for:
Pulse
A patient presents with a suspected pelvic fracture. What is the first priority in the management of this patient?
Control external hemorrhage and ensure ABCs
The initial dose of TXA is:
Morphine for a PT with moderate to severe pain at a dose of:
Ketamine for a PT w/ moderate to severe pain at a dose of:
Fentanyl for a PT w/ moderate to severe pain at a dose of:
= 1 gram over 10 minutes
= 2-10 mg
= 0.2 mg/kg with a max single dose of 20 mg
= 1 mcg/kg
Class II Hemorrhage is classified as having lost:
750-1500 mL’s of blood
fractures is most likely to cause life-threatening blood loss?
Pelvic fracture
type of bone cells will dissolve and take away bone structure?
What type of bone cells lay down new bone in areas of bone repair? Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
pediatric patients, what type of fracture is unique to their age group?
Greenstick fracture
Group more likely to femur fracture & why:
Hormone:
= Women in menopause b/c lack of estrogen
= Estrogen helps with calcification
Bone A&P) Articular Surface:
Metaphysis:
Periosteum:
Epiphyseal plate:
= Thin layer of compact bone that articulates w/ another bone
= intermediate region between epiphysis and diaphysis
= Tough fibrous membrane covers exterior of diaphysis
= Growth plate (fractures can impead growth)
Bone A&P) Medullary Canal:
Central medullary:
= Chamber in hollow diaphysis & cancellous bone of epiphysis
= Filled w/ YBM Stores fat in semiliquid form Marrow fatty makes WBC cartilage, (If hypoxic can make YBM to RBM)
Bone A&P) Yellow Bone Marrow:
Red bone marrow:
= Stores fat in semiliquid (marrow) to make WBC cartilage
= (hematopoietic tissue) fills spongy bone chambers of long bones, pelvis, & sternum (Makes RBCs & other blood cells)
Bone shapes) Flat:
Short:
Sesamoid:
Long:
Irregular:
= Cranium, sternum, ribs, shoulder, pelvis.
= (wider than long) Wrists, ankles, carpals, tarsals.
= (knee cap) Grows within tendinous tissue (kneecap)
= Humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges. (most of the blood cells)
= Vertebral column, facial bones.
Joints) 3 basic types of joints:
Other names:
= Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
= Articulation,
Joints) gumphosis:
Fontanelles Post & Anterior duration & Fn
= Synarthrosis joint} Gums, grab a tooth by crown, never root
= Post 3 months, anterior 9-16 months, helps m-nt & ICP
Joints) Synarthrosis:
Amphiarthrosis:
Diarthrosis:
= AKA fibrous joint Immovable joints (skull)
= AKA cartilaginous joint, allows limited mnt (vertebra, pubis
= AKA synovial joint, Permit free movement
Ligament Fn & Strength:
Tendon Fn & Strength:
= make synovial capsule/ joint & tear easily
= makes mnt of joint connects M. to bone
Joint) Types of Synovial Joints:
= Ball & Socket, Condyloid, Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle Joint (All synovial joints are Diarthrosis joints)
Joint) Synovial fluid:
Bursae:
= Oily, viscous substance facilitates joint motion by lubrication
= Small sacs filled w/ synovial fluid that help reduce friction & absorb shock
Joint) Ball & Socket Location
Condyloid / Ellipsoid Joint Location
Gliding / Plane Joint Location
Hinge Joint Location
Pivot joint Location:
Saddle Joint Location
1= Shoulders, Hips
2= Fingers 2-5
3= Intercarpals & Intertarsals
4= wrist
5= C1atlis & C2axis
6= Thumb, metacarpals
Terms) Flexion/extension:
Adduction:
Abduction:
Rotation:
Circumduction:
1= Bending motion reduces/increases angle
2=Movement of body part toward midline
3=Movement of body part away from midline
4= Turning along axis of bone or joint
5= Movement through arc of circle
