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Trauma > 11) Ortho > Flashcards

11) Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

The phalanges are found in the:

A

Foot and hand

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2
Q

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone & holds joints:
Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves w/ contraction:
Specialized bands of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone at the insertion:

A

= Ligament “Align the bone”
= Insertion
= Tendons “Tendons attend to the bone”

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3
Q

Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III are used to classify types of:

A

Strains

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4
Q

Hip fracture will sometimes present w/ foot & knee positioned:

A

lateral rotation of the foot & knee

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5
Q

Accelerated bone tissue degeneration due to bone mineral loss, is called:

A

Osteoporosis

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6
Q

You’d find the innominates & the ischial tuberosities in the:

A

Pelvis

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7
Q

Pathological fractures result from:

A

Cancer

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8
Q

Bones of the head, thorax, and spine are known as the:

A

Axial skeleton

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9
Q

Greenstick fractures are usually found in:

A

Pediatric patients

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10
Q

Disruption in bone-healing process to a degree that 2 broken bone ends do not rejoin is called:

A

A nonunion

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11
Q

Internal bleeding from a femoral fracture blood loss w/ class:

A

= 1500mL of blood loss & class 2

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12
Q

Common reasons for impair the healing process?

A

= Smoking NSAIDS & Pregnancy

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13
Q

Anterior shoulder displacement presents w/:
Posterior hip dislocation will present w/ the foot:
Knee dislocations normally present w/:

A

= prominent shoulder w/ the arm close to the chest
= Rotated internally
= the knee at an angle & firmly fixed in place

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14
Q

Joint that allows articulation between atlas & axis of spine:
Joints that do not permit movement are called:

A

= Pivot joint
= Synarthroses (pubis symphysis)

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15
Q

The hip & shoulder are examples of:
A painful muscle tissue spasm is called a:

A

= Ball and socket joints
= Cramp

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16
Q

The most frequently fractured bone in the body is the:
Most common cause of musckoskeletol injuries:

A

= Clavicle
= MVA

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17
Q

Compartment syndrome occurs most often w/:
The “six Ps” of Compartment syndrome:
Complication of musculoskeletal injury is compartment syndrome, caused by:

A

= Lower leg injuries
= Pain Pallor parenstiea pulses
= Bleeding into, or edema within, a muscle mass surrounded by fasciae that do not stretch

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18
Q

Long bone end w/ growth plate & support structures of joint:
Cavity w/in a bone that contains yellow marrow is:
Central part of a long bone is known as the:

A

= Epiphysis
= Medullary canal
= Diaphysis

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19
Q

Complete displacement of a bone end from its joint capsule:
Dislocation easily described as:

A

= Dislocation
= displacement of bones from a joint.

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20
Q

A fractured humerus is best immobilized using a:
Traction splints are applied to injuries to the:
For immobilizing a possible ankle dislocation w/ deformity:

A

= Sling and swathe
= Femur
= Pillow

21
Q

Functions of the skeleton include:

A

Storage of salts & other materials for metabolism, Gives body structural form, Protects vital organs, Allows for efficient m-nt despite gravity, Produces RBCs used to transport oxygen

22
Q

The bone on the thumb side of the forearm is called the:
The single bone of the proximal upper extremity is the:

A

= Radius
= Humerus

23
Q

Cartilage is the tissue that:

A

Provides the articular surfaces of the skeletal system

24
Q

In cases of lower-leg injury which bone is more & less likely to fracture:

A

= Tibia stronger than fibula

25
Q

When splinting a hand or wrist injury, you should place a roll of bandaging or other material in the patient’s hand to maintain:

A

Position of function

26
Q

Fracture involving a twisting motion:
Fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces:
Fracture when there is a diagonal break across a bone:
When complete fracture runs straight across a bone:
Fracture where bone penetrates through the skin:

A

= Spiral fracture
= Comminuted fracture
= Oblique
= Transverse
= Open

27
Q

Cancellous vs Cortical bone:
Small perforations of long bones for blood vessels & nerves travel into the bone itself are called:

A

= Spongy & Hard
= Haversian canals located w/in the medullary canal

28
Q

Fracture w/in 3 inches of the knee treat as you would:

A

= as you would a dislocation

29
Q

Severe trauma that crushes muscles between a blunt force and the skeletal structure beneath, resulting in damage to both the muscle cells and the blood vessels that supply them, is called:

A

Contusion

30
Q

Evaluate the distal extremity for:

A

Pulse

31
Q

A patient presents with a suspected pelvic fracture. What is the first priority in the management of this patient?

A

Control external hemorrhage and ensure ABCs

32
Q

The initial dose of TXA is:
Morphine for a PT with moderate to severe pain at a dose of:
Ketamine for a PT w/ moderate to severe pain at a dose of:
Fentanyl for a PT w/ moderate to severe pain at a dose of:

A

= 1 gram over 10 minutes
= 2-10 mg
= 0.2 mg/kg with a max single dose of 20 mg
= 1 mcg/kg

33
Q

Class II Hemorrhage is classified as having lost:

A

750-1500 mL’s of blood

34
Q

fractures is most likely to cause life-threatening blood loss?

A

Pelvic fracture

35
Q

type of bone cells will dissolve and take away bone structure?
What type of bone cells lay down new bone in areas of bone repair? Osteoblasts

A

Osteoclasts

36
Q

pediatric patients, what type of fracture is unique to their age group?

A

Greenstick fracture

37
Q

Group more likely to femur fracture & why:
Hormone:

A

= Women in menopause b/c lack of estrogen
= Estrogen helps with calcification

38
Q

Bone A&P) Articular Surface:
Metaphysis:
Periosteum:
Epiphyseal plate:

A

= Thin layer of compact bone that articulates w/ another bone
= intermediate region between epiphysis and diaphysis
= Tough fibrous membrane covers exterior of diaphysis
= Growth plate (fractures can impead growth)

39
Q

Bone A&P) Medullary Canal:
Central medullary:

A

= Chamber in hollow diaphysis & cancellous bone of epiphysis
= Filled w/ YBM Stores fat in semiliquid form Marrow fatty makes WBC cartilage, (If hypoxic can make YBM to RBM)

40
Q

Bone A&P) Yellow Bone Marrow:
Red bone marrow:

A

= Stores fat in semiliquid (marrow) to make WBC cartilage
= (hematopoietic tissue) fills spongy bone chambers of long bones, pelvis, & sternum (Makes RBCs & other blood cells)

41
Q

Bone shapes) Flat:
Short:
Sesamoid:
Long:
Irregular:

A

= Cranium, sternum, ribs, shoulder, pelvis.
= (wider than long) Wrists, ankles, carpals, tarsals.
= (knee cap) Grows within tendinous tissue (kneecap)
= Humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges. (most of the blood cells)
= Vertebral column, facial bones.

42
Q

Joints) 3 basic types of joints:
Other names:

A

= Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
= Articulation,

43
Q

Joints) gumphosis:
Fontanelles Post & Anterior duration & Fn

A

= Synarthrosis joint} Gums, grab a tooth by crown, never root
= Post 3 months, anterior 9-16 months, helps m-nt & ICP

44
Q

Joints) Synarthrosis:
Amphiarthrosis:
Diarthrosis:

A

= AKA fibrous joint Immovable joints (skull)
= AKA cartilaginous joint, allows limited mnt (vertebra, pubis
= AKA synovial joint, Permit free movement

45
Q

Ligament Fn & Strength:
Tendon Fn & Strength:

A

= make synovial capsule/ joint & tear easily
= makes mnt of joint connects M. to bone

46
Q

Joint) Types of Synovial Joints:

A

= Ball & Socket, Condyloid, Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle Joint (All synovial joints are Diarthrosis joints)

47
Q

Joint) Synovial fluid:
Bursae:

A

= Oily, viscous substance facilitates joint motion by lubrication
= Small sacs filled w/ synovial fluid that help reduce friction & absorb shock

48
Q

Joint) Ball & Socket Location
Condyloid / Ellipsoid Joint Location
Gliding / Plane Joint Location
Hinge Joint Location
Pivot joint Location:
Saddle Joint Location

A

1= Shoulders, Hips
2= Fingers 2-5
3= Intercarpals & Intertarsals
4= wrist
5= C1atlis & C2axis
6= Thumb, metacarpals

49
Q

Terms) Flexion/extension:
Adduction:
Abduction:
Rotation:
Circumduction:

A

1= Bending motion reduces/increases angle
2=Movement of body part toward midline
3=Movement of body part away from midline
4= Turning along axis of bone or joint
5= Movement through arc of circle

Trauma (11 decks)

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