5. Arterial, Venous And Nervous Supply Of GI Tract

Question 1

What embryological structure gives rise to the Oesophagus, stomach, first 1/2 of duodenum, liver, gall bladder and pancreas?

Answer 1

Foregut

Question 2

What does the midgut give rise to?

Answer 2

Small intestine, caecum. Ascending colon and 3/4 of transverse colon

Question 3

What embryological structure gives rise to final 1/4 of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon and rectum?

Answer 3

Hindgut

Question 4

What are the three major arteries that supply the GI tract?

Answer 4

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Question 5

What artery supplies all mid gut derivatives?

Answer 5

Superior mesenteric

Question 6

What area does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 6

All foregut derivatives

Question 7

What area does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 7

All hindgut derivatives

Question 8

Where do each of the three major arteries that supply the GI tract arise from ?

Answer 8

Coeliac trunk - T12
Superior mesenteric artery - L1
Inferior mesenteric artery - L3

Question 9

What are the three arterial branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 9

Left gastric artery - stomach/bottom of Oesophagus
Splenic artery - spleen
Common hepatic artery - liver,gallbladder, stomach , duodenum, pancreas

Question 10

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 10

Pancreatic duodenal - pancreas/duodenal
Jejunal - jejunum
Ileal - ileum
Iliocolic - iliocecal junction
Anterior/posterior caecal - caecum
Appendicular - appendix
Middle/right colic - colon

Question 11

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 11

Left colic
Superior rectal
Sigmoid

Question 12

Fill the gaps
The inferior mesenteric artery drains into the _____ vein

Answer 12

Splenic

Question 13

What structure is formed when the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein unite?

Answer 13

Hepatic portal vein

Question 14

What vein goes to liver cells and eventually into the inferior vena cava?

Answer 14

Hepatic portal vein

Question 15

What is an anastomosis?

Answer 15

Connection between two vessels that allows blood flow between them

Question 16

What are the three main sites where we find portosystemic anastamoses in the GI tract?

Answer 16

Oesophagus
Rectum
Anterior abdominal wall

Question 17

Fill in the gaps n- portosystemic anastamoses
Portal hypertension forces blood through anastamoses
Small thin veins become ______ [dilated]
______ may burst causing _______

Answer 17

Varicose
Varies
Haemorrhage

Question 18

How much of lymph formation is in the GI tract?

Answer 18

Half

Question 19

What are the two functions of GI lymph?

Answer 19

Facilitates
- transport of lipids
- mucosal immune function

Question 20

What is the name of the major lymph duct in the abdomen?

Answer 20

Cicterna Chyli

Question 21

The cisterna chyli becomes the ____ duct after passing through the diaphragm

Answer 21

Thoracic

Question 22

What is angiography?

Answer 22

Technique used to visualise blood vessels with x rays by use of a radiocontrast medium

Question 23

What is the difference between conventional and CT angiography?

Answer 23

Conventional - x ray
CT - ct scan