15. Gut Communiction With Its Environment Flashcards
Taste receptors in the tongue send information to NTS via which cranial nerves?
Facial 7th and glossopharyngeal 9th
Stimulation of tase receptors initiate what?
Visceral reflexes to gut to prepare for incoming meal [cephalic response]
Olfactory pathways from the nose project directly to where?
Cortex
Bi - directional projections give rise to what?
Smell localisation
The main olfactory pathway runs from _____ to ______ on the underside of the temporal lobe
Olfactory bulb
Primary olfactory cortex/piriform complex
Gustatory pathways pass through ____ before they project to their relevant _____
Thalamus
Cortical area
Taste afferents are involved in what?
Visceral reflexes
What are some examples of visceral responses?
Salivary secretion
Gastric juice secretion
Pancreatic secretion
Gallbladder contraction
What does a combination of T1R1+T1RT3 lead to taste of?
Umami
What combination of taste receptors leads to sweet taste?
T1R2+T1R3
What taste does taste receptor2 sense?
Bitter
What type of receptor is taste receptor?
GPCR
ENaC - epithelium sodium channel plays an important role in perception of what taste?
Saltiness
PKD2L1 is a receptor for what taste?
Sour
What are gut enteroendocrine cells [EECs]?
Nutrient sensors
Why are EECs central to the chemosensing pathway of the intestinal tract?
Nerve endings that enter the villi dont reach luminal content
Nutrient sensing leads to release of what?
Key regulatory gut hormones
What do G cells secrete?
Gastrin
What cell secretes ghrelin?
P/D1 cell
What cell secretes CCK?
I cell
Enterocytes and L cells secrete what?
GLP1
SGLT1 and GLP1 are important in regulating ____ absorption
Glucose
Taste receptor targeting can prevent ant treatment what two diseases?
Obesity adn diabetes
