5. Applications of Immunology (Chapter 18)

Question 1

what does a direct immunoassay test for?

Answer 1

identify an unknown antigen

Question 2

what does an indirect immunoassay test for?

Answer 2

used to detect antibodies of a given specificity in a patient’s serum

Question 3

what happens if you don’t wash a direct test?

Answer 3

false positive. you may think the labeled antibodies had bound, when really they just had never been washed off.

Question 4

what happens if you don’t add anti-human IgG to a positive sample of an indirect test?

Answer 4

you don’t see the label, so you’d think it’s a negative test

Question 5

what happens if you don’t add anti-human IgG to a negative sample of an indirect test?

Answer 5

no problem, no label so it’s business as usual

Question 6

what is blood typing?

Answer 6

detecting certain antigens on RBCs to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions

Question 7

give an example of artificial active immunity. why is this a good example?

Answer 7

a vaccine.
artificial: receive immunity via artificial means
active: your body is creating the immune response by being exposed to an antigen

Question 8

give an example of natural active immunity. why is this a good example?

Answer 8

resistance to common cold by previous exposure.
natural: develops from an actual infection
active: your body creates the response because it was exposed to the antigen

Question 9

give an example of artificial passive immunity. why is this a good example?

Answer 9

gamma globulin shot.
artificial: receive immunity through a shot (artificial means)
passive: protective antibodies are transferred to you

Question 10

give an example of natural passive immunity. why is this a good example?

Answer 10

baby receiving immunity through placenta or brst milk.
natural: it was developed from an actual infection.
passive: protective antibodies are transferred to the baby