3. Innate Immune Response: Chapter 14 (Part 2)

Question 1

who are the pro-inflammatory cytokines and what do they do?

Answer 1

TNF, IL1, IL6
contribute to the INFLAMMATORY response

Question 2

what is margination?

Answer 2

accumulation/adhesion of leukocytes to the epithelial cells of blood vessel walls via selectins at the site of injury in the early stages of inflammation

Question 3

what is diapedesis?

Answer 3

neutrophils squeeze between the cells of a dilated blood vessel

Question 4

what is vasodilation?

Answer 4

widening of blood vessels to enhance blood flow to an area

Question 5

what is prostaglandin?

Answer 5

part of inflammatory response
stimulated by bradykinin
fires nerve endings –> pain

Question 6

what is bradykinin?
i.e. where is it released, what does it cause, what does it stimulate?

Answer 6

released in blood and causes dilation of blood vessels. stimulates prostaglandin, firing nerve endings which causes pain.

Question 7

which cytokine is anti-inflammatory? when is it used?

Answer 7

IL 10.
to regulate inflammation
modulate immune response by inhibiting TNF and ILF and also the response of the endothelial cells

Question 8

is inflammation good or bad?

Answer 8

often thought to be negative, and can be, but wounds do not heal without inflammation

Question 9

what are the signs of inflammation?

Answer 9

• dilation of blood vessels (increased blood flow)
• increased vascular permeability (leaking fluid and leukocytes)