5-6 Wall System and Foundation Failure Flashcards
Two examples of megalithic irregular masonry systems
a. Rubble large stones
b. Polygonal Stones
Who invented concrete?
Romans
Other term for concrete according to the Romans
Opus Caementicium
Examples of walls built by Romans
- Opus quasi reticulatum
- Opus latericium
- Opus incertum
- Opus quadratum
- Opus mixtum
- Opus vittatum
Two types of foundation
- Shallow foundation
- Deep foundation
This is the most common footings in most ancient Greek buildings, usually built with no rectangular cross section with no projection and resting directly on bedrock.
Strip Foundations
In cases where strip foundation proved to be unstable despite the initial deep excavations, _______ were driven deep into the earth until the hard stratum.
Timber poles
This is a traditional Spanish technique wherein a timber framework is filled with wooden planks are then covered with lime plaster.
Tabique
They built their houses on long wooden piles driven into the soft bottoms of shallow lakes, high above dangerous animals and hostile neighbors.
Neolithic inhabitants of Switzerland
They found only alluvium in their floodplains therefore they raised their great monuments on mats made from reed, allowing for high settlements.
Babylonians
It can be categorized as stress controlled and environmentally controlled, or both.
Foundation failures
This type of failure are those which are the result of the structure load on the foundation elements interacting with the supporting soil.
Stress controlled failure
This type of failure are those which occur because of changes in the environment which affect the supporting soil.
Environmentally controlled failures
Environmentally controlled failures include:
- swelling or shrinkage of soils
- downhill movement
- soil creep
- land slip
- groundwater
- oil withdrawal
Two types of foundation failures:
- stress controlled failure
- environmental controlled failure
Foundation failures may appear according to two main factors:
- Materials
- Functional