1-2 Heritage and Conservation Flashcards
It is a non-homogenous material made of mortar and stones or bricks.
Masonry
As it is a composite material, its structural behavior depends both on the characteristics of the single components and on their interaction. What is it?
Masonry
It describes an extremely diversified system not only in terms of materials used but also of the constructive technique according to different historical and territorial realities, the local masonry materials, the ease of retrieval and the ability of local workers, the geographical area location, the economic conditions and the building use.
Masonry
It has been used since man gave up the nomadic lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer and began to build permanent structures for any of his domestic and cultural needs.
Stone
It has been mostly used for its convenience, endurance and visual impact.
Stone
Types of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive
Extrusive
Plutonic
A type of igneous rock where its cooling time takes up to a thousand of years and a texture of small-to-medium grains.
Intrusive
A type of igneous rock where its cooling time takes from seconds to months and its texture is invisible or microscopic grains.
Extrusive
A type of igneous rock where its cooling time takes up to a millions of years and its texture are large grains.
Plutonic
Three main classification of stone based on their formation.
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
It is the natural source of building and decorative stones; the solid part the Earth’s crust which is composed of inorganic substance-minerals.
Rock
It is any piece of rock detached from the
Earth’s crust; or simply any natural material
derived from rocks.
Stone
It is the art and crafts of building in stone, clay, brick or concrete blocks with or without the use of mortar.
Masonry
Building with poured concrete with or without reinforcements, is also often considered what?
Masonry
These are a type of rocks where rocks that solidified directly from molten silicates, which geologists call magma.
Igneous Rocks
These are a type of rocks where they are formed when igneous rocks are eroded as a sediments under the sea or riverbeds. Fossils are often merged in this solidified layer.
Sedimentary Rocks
These are a type of rocks that are made up of igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks of all ages which have been subjected to intense pressure and transform into a different rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
Examples of Igneous Rocks
Granite
Basalt,
Pumice
Flint (a form of quartz)
Examples of Sedimentary rocks
Limestones
Chalk
Sandstone
Examples of Metamorphic rocks
Slate
Marble
Quartzite
Characteristics of Igneous Rocks
- no fossil deposits
- has more than one mineral deposit
- either be glassy or coarse
- don’t react with acids
Characteristics of Metamorphic rocks
- harder and more compact than igneous
- most are impermeable
- don’t contain fossils
Characteristics of Sedimentary rocks:
- erosion resistant
- contains fossils
- non-crystalline in nature
- covers 75% of earth’s surface
- permeable
What stones were used to build Egyptian temples?
Limestones
Sandstones
Alabaster
Granite
Basalt
What stone is used to build structures of the Assyrians and Persians empire?
Sun-dried bricks (glazed or fired in kilns)
What are the stones used in heritage buildings of the Philippines?
- Adobe (Volcanic Stuff)
- Limestone
- Coral or Coralline Limestone
- Riverstone
- Piedra China (Chinese Granite)
- Bricks (fired in kilns or hornos)
In most Visayas Region, what stone is mostly used in heritage structures as their basic building blocks?
Coral Stone
It is from sedimentary rock which is a product of some marine mineral deposits including fossils, corals and other marine animals.
Coral Stone
This stone is quite porous and easy to cut and dress by hand.
Coral Stone
