5-5 Vocab Flashcards
X-linked Genes
A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance
Crossing Over
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis
Aneuploidy
A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number
Translocation
(1) An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. (2) During protein synthesis, the third stage in the elongation cycle, when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. (3) The transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue
Linked Genes
Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together
Down Syndrome
A human genetic disease usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by developmental delays and heart and other defects that are generally treatable or non-life-threatening
Polyploidy
A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division
Genetic Recombination
General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent
Monosomic
Referring to a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two
Duplication
An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated
Genetic Map
An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome
