5-1 Vocab Flashcards
Zygote
The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
Meiosis
A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell
Variation
Differences between members of the same species
Haploid Cells
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n)
Synaptonemal Complex
A zipper-like structure composed of proteins, which connects a chromosome to its homolog tightly along their lengths during part of prophase I of meiosis
Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
Meiosis II
The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell
Life Cycle
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
Somatic Cells
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors
Sex Chromosomes
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Locus
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
Clone
(1) A group of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage, an individual that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell
Fertilization
(1) The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. (2) The addition of mineral nutrients to the soil
Recombinant Chromosomes
A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
Gametes
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that is formed by meiosis or is the descendant of cells formed by meiosis. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
Synapsis
The pairing and physical connection of one duplicated chromosome to its homolog during prophase I of meiosis
Autosomes
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
Homologs
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
Alternation of Generations
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae
