5-2 Vocab Flashcards
Homologous Pair
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair
Diploid Cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent
Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair
Meiosis I
The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell
Asexual Reproduction
The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction arising from fusion of two gametes
Monohybrid Cross
A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed (or the self-pollination of a heterozygous plant)
Hybridization
In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties
Punnet Square
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype
Alleles
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
Dihybrids
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb
Dominant Allele
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
P Generation
The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance. (P stands for parental)
Carriers
In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder. The heterozygote is generally phenotypically normal for the disorder but can pass on the recessive allele to offspring
Trait
One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
Pleiotropy
The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects
Huntington’s Disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms
Cystic Fibrosis
A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated
Multiplication Rule
A rule of probability stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities
