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Microbiology Unit 2 > (5-12) Microbial Eukaryotes > Flashcards

(5-12) Microbial Eukaryotes Flashcards

1. Describe the characteristics and roles of algae. 2. Explain why algae are important to human existence. 3. Describe the structure of macroscopic algae. 4. Describe the role of algae in paralytic shellfish poisoning. 5. List the characteristics of protozoans. 6. Name the diseases for which the following are causative agents: Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba histolytica 7. List the kinds of organisms included in the fungi. 8. Explain how fungi cause human disease. 9

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1
Q

Which eukaryote uses light (and water) for energy to fix CO2 to carbohydrates?

A

Algae

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2
Q

Where are algae found?

A

Fresh water, salt water, and soil

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3
Q

What is the name of an organism with a rigid cell wall made mostly of cellulose and silicon dioxide incorporated.

A

Diatoms

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4
Q

What are flagellated algae called?

A

Dinoflagellates

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5
Q

What causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning? What is the mechanism (3 steps)?

A
  1. Dinoflagellates eaten by shellfish
  2. Toxin accumulates in shellfish tissues
  3. Humans eat shellfish and suffer paralytic shellfish poisoning
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6
Q

What can disturb a Dinoflagellate cyst that is resting on sea floor?

A

Storms can stir them up

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7
Q

Why is Red Tide a persistent problem?

A

After blooming, Dinoflagellates form a cyst that falls to the sea floor. This allows them to hiberate through the winter and rebloom the next year. Pavement reduces the ground saturation and adds to Winter runoff, which (with the sun) adds to the problem.

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8
Q

Which are photosynthetic eukaryotes: algae, fungi, arthropods, protozoa, or helminths?

A

Algae

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9
Q

Which are saprophytic eukaryotes: algae, fungi, arthropods, protozoa, or helminths?

A

Fungi

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10
Q

Which are multicellular disease vectors: algae, fungi, arthropods, protozoa, or helminths?

A

Arthropods

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11
Q

Which are nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes: algae, fungi, arthropods, protozoa, or helminths?

A

Protozoa

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12
Q

Which are multicellular worms: algae, fungi, arthropods, protozoa, or helminths?

A

Helminths

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13
Q

What do fungi require for energy and as a carbon source?

A

Organic compounds

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14
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of most fungi?

A

Most are aerobic or facultative anaerobe

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15
Q

What does the fungal cell wall contain?

A

Chitin

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16
Q

A large number of fungi cause disease in what type of organism?

A

Plants

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17
Q

Which type of organism rarely causes disease in humans, but can have a huge impact on human food supply?

A

Fungi

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18
Q

Which 4 ways can fungi cause disease in humans?

A
  1. Allergic reaction
  2. React to fungal toxin
  3. Mycoses
  4. Economic impact
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19
Q

How do fungi cause allergic reactions in humans?

A

Result from inhaling fungal spores

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20
Q

In which 2 ways do humans react to fungal toxin?

A
  1. Many have hallucinogenic properties

2. Certain species produces alflatoxin implicated in cancer

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21
Q

How do Mycoses present?

A

Fungi grows on or in the body

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22
Q

How does fungal economic impact affect human health?

A

They destroy human food supply, causing starvation

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23
Q

Which 3 diseases are Mosquitoes responsible for the transmission of?

A
  1. Malaria
  2. West Nile Virus
  3. Yellow Fever
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24
Q

What disease do Tsetse flies transmit?

A

African sleeping sickness

25
Q

Which disease do Sand flies transmit?

A

Leishmaniasis

26
Q

Which disease do Fleas transmit?

A

Plague

27
Q

Which 2 diseases are Ticks responsible for the transmission of?

A
  1. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

2. Lyme Disease

28
Q

Which 2 diseases are Lice responsible for the transmission of?

A
  1. Typhus

2. Trench Fever

29
Q

What are scabies?

A

Mites that burrow into skin to feed and lay eggs.

30
Q

What is protozoan shape determined by?

A

Their cytoskeleton

31
Q

Are Protozoa usually stationary or motile?

A

Motile

32
Q

What are the 3 significant protozoan phylum and subphyla?

A
  1. Phylum Apicomplexa
  2. Subphylum Mastigophora
  3. Subphylum Sarcodina
33
Q

Which protozoan subphylum do Giardia lamblia, Leshmanii species, and Trypanosoma species belong to?

A

Subphylum Mastigophora

34
Q

Which subphylum does Entamoeba hystolitica belong to?

A

Subphylum Sarcodina

35
Q

Which Phylum of protozoa causes the most serious protozoan diseases?

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

36
Q

Which protozoan phylum do Plasmodium and

Toxoplasma gondii belong to?

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

37
Q

Which species of protozoa causes Malaria?

A

Plasmodium species

38
Q

Which species causes Toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

39
Q

What type of life cycle do protozoa tend to have?

A

Complex

40
Q

What structure do protozoa in the Subphylum Sarcodina sue for locomotion?

A

Pseudopodia

41
Q

Flagellated protozoa are included in which subphylum?

A

Subphylum Mastigophora

42
Q

How many people become ill with malaria each year?

A

500 Million

43
Q

What is the issue with cheapest effective drug, Chloroquine?

A

Chloroquine is no longer effective in many countries due to widespread resistance.

44
Q

In the first step of the Malaria cycle, Infected mosquitoe introduces a ________ __________ into the capillary.

A

Plasmodium sporozoite

45
Q

In the second step of the Malaria cycle, Sporozoite infects liver cells, producing thousands of _________.

A

Merozoites

46
Q

In the third step of the Malaria cycle, Merozoites infect _____________.

A

Red blood cells (RBC)

47
Q

In the fourth step of the Malaria cycle, the protozoa multiply (going through many named stages) until. . . .

A

The RBC bursts, releasing merozoites into blood to re-infect new RBCs.

48
Q

In the Malaria cycle, the synchronized cycle of bursting of RBC and “hiding in RBC” presents as what?

A

Alternating bouts of fever and feeling well.

49
Q

In the fifth step of the Malaria cycle, some merozoites develop into __________ that when taken up by a mosquito, invade the mosquito gut.

A

Gametocytes

50
Q

In the sixth step of the Malaria cycle, gametocytes produce sporozoites that invade the mosquito’s _______ ______.

A

Salivary Glands

51
Q

Which organisms cause disease by invading host tissues and robbing nutrients.

A

Helminths

52
Q

Name 3 types of helminths.

A
  1. Nematodes
  2. Cestodes
  3. Trematodes
53
Q

Which type of helminth invades gastrointestinal tract and blood stream?

A

Nematodes

54
Q

Which type of helminth is associated with meats like beef or pork?

A

Cestodes

55
Q

Which type of helminth is found in waters such as lakes and ponds?

A

Tremadodes

56
Q

A tapeworm is what kind of helminth?

A

A cestode

57
Q

What is the tapeworm’s mode of action?

A
  1. Transmission results from consumption of uncooked meat containing cysts
  2. Cyst develops into worm in small intestine, where it “steals” nutrients.
58
Q

Hookworms and Guinea worms are which type of helminth?

A

Nematodes

59
Q

Schistosoma mansoni is which type of helminth?

A

Trematodes

Microbiology Unit 2 (13 decks)

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