4th Qtr EXAM Flashcards
a mixture of Jurchen, Mongolian, and
Tungustic who settled in the Northeast of China. Han
Chinese considered them as barbarians.
Manchus -
They forced the Chinese men to wear the Manchu
pigtails, called
queue.
was only 14 years old when he
took over the government in 1661 and ruled for 60 years.
He issued a decree on trade restrictions and prohibited
the free propagation of Christianity and closed all ports
to foreign trade except Macao.
Emperor Kangshi -
- center of Trade
Canton
- Chinese merchant guild that acts as
intermediaries.
Cohongs
- kneeling in front of the emperor and
touching their heads to the ground nine times.
Kowtow
Great Britain was not allowed to trade in Canton.
Emperos Chein Lung
who refused to kowtow to the
emperor was denied of the king’s request.
Lord George Macartney
- The treaty that ended the first
Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between
China and foreign imperialist powers.
Treaty of Nanking
Hong Hsiu-chuan, claimed a divine mission to establish
a new dynasty, called the
“Taiping Tienkuo” (heavenly
kingdom of great peace)
● Great Britain took over the port of Canton after
the 1st opium war.
● China found out that Great Britain was
smuggling opium in their ships.
● France joined the war between Great Britain and
China.
● The implementation of the Open Door Policy
● The uprising of the northern Chinese group - the
Boxer Rebellion
The SECOND Opium War (1792)
- Granted foreigners the right to
reside in Peking and to travel to any part of China.
Christianity was tolerated in the empire and the opium
trade was legalized.
Treaty of Tientsin
This policy protected American
trading rights in China, while China in turn was
sheltered from colonization.
Open Door Policy -
- was an anti-imperialist movement
that sought to expel foreigners from China and end
the system of foreign concessions and treaty ports.
Boxer Rebellion
organized his Hundred Days
Reforms. He was arrested and executed which forced the
frustrated Chinese to organize a secret society.
Emperor Guangzhou
- the
boxer’s secret society
Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”)
Boxer Protocol
● China paid an indemnity of 450 milliontaels to
come from customs duty and salt tax.
● The officials involved with the Boxers were
executed.
● Foreign troops were allowed to be stationed in
the capital and along the railways.
● Civil Service examination was suspended.
- A revolutionary
alliance in China that overthrew the last emperor of the
Qing dynasty founded by Sun Yat-sen. (Oct 1919)
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)
He is known as “the father of the Chinese Republic”
He became the first president of the Republic of China
Sun Yat-sen. (Oct 1919)
‘The Three Principles of the People’
A. Nationalism -
B. Democracy -
C. Livelihood -
Chinese students
demonstrated in Tiananmen square shouting “Down with
the European Imperialist!” “Boycott Japan!”
May Fourth Movement -
The Kuomintang attacked
and killed the Communist group in Shanghai.
Shanghai Massacre -
-He
became the head of the
Kuomintang after the death of
Sun Yat-Sen (1925).
-became
the first president of the
Nationalist Republic of
China. (1928)
However, his government
became less democratic
and more corrupt.
Chiang Kai-Shek -
served as
chairman of the People’s
Republic of China from 1949
to 1959 and led the Chinese
Communist Party from 1935
until his death (1976).
- recruited
people andgot support from
the peasants through
granting them lands.
(1927)
Mao Tse-tung
year while in civil war,
Japan invaded China
(Manchuria).
1931 -
the peasants
who joined the cause of
Mao.
Red Army -
the
training undergone by the
Red Army.
Guerilla Warfare-
Sun Yat Sen founded the Republic of China
● Chiang Kai Shek replaced Sun Yet Sen as the
head of Kuomintang
● Mao Ze Dong survived the Shanghai Massacre
● Chiang Kai Shek and the Nationalists fled to
Taiwan
● The People’s Republic of China was
established and led by Mao Ze Dong.
ok
- the new reforms of
Chiang to create a socialist economy.
The New Democracy
ruled Japan in exchange for the
Shogunate. (1867) The 15-year-old Mutsuhito founded
a new government carrying the name Meiji for his reign.
Emperor Mutsuhito
The emperor sent leaders and scholars under the
leadership of
Tomomi Iwakura.
● Japan and China are fighting over the
partnership with Korea
● Japan and China had a Hands-Off Treaty with
Korea
● China suddenly sent troops to Korea
● Japanese took over Manchuria
● China was forced to give Korea its independence
SINO JAPANESE WAR
Japan gained Formosa Treaty
that ended the Sino Japanese War
Treaty of Shimonoseki -
● In 1904, Japan demanded the withdrawal of
Russian troops from Manchuria, but the
Russians reluctantly agreed to negotiate.
● Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian
troops at Port Arthur.
● Japan amazed the world after it won over
Russia.
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
Russia turned over the southern
half of the Russian island of Sakhalin, north of Japan,
and gave Japan special fishing rights along the Siberian
coast.
Treaty of Portsmouth -
a government that
upheld to the idea similar to totalitarianism was
known.
Japanese Nationalism -
interconnected
the Emperor, people, land, and morality as one.
Kodoha (the Imperial Way Faction)-
declared
that Japan has the total responsibility to maintain peace
in Asia.
Asiatic Monroe Doctrine (Amau Doctrine)-
propaganda
along with the Amau Doctrine declaring ‘Asia for the
Asians’ to justify their expansion in Asia
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere-
