4th exam - Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the four majors divisions of the brain?
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
- Cerebrum
What are the functions of the brain?
Receives sensory input
Integrated new and stored information
Sends motor output
Also responsible for perception,memory, emotion, and behavior
Protective coverings of the brain
Cranium
Cranial meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
What are the brain ventricles?
Two lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
This substance:
Protects the brain,
Transports substances between blood and nervous tissue
Circulated through four cavities (ventricles) in brain
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The brain stem consists of:
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
What is the sensory function of the medulla oblongata?
Touch Taste Tasting Equilibrium Proprioception
What is the motor function of the medulla oblongata?
Control the skeletal muscles of limbs and trunk
What is the integrative function of the medulla oblongata?
Regulates: Heart rate Stroke volume of heart Diameter of blood vessels Ventilation rate
Part of the brain stem that is responsible for:
Communication between two sides of cerebellum and cerebrum and the rest of the brain
Regulation of ventilation rate
Pons
Part of the brain stem responsible for:
Sensory function (hearing)
Motor function (eye muscles)
Communication between cerebrum and spinal cord
Midbrain
Part of the brain that regulate balance and posture, and coordinate skilled movements
Cerebellum
What does the diencephalon consists of?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory information from brain stem to cerebrum, and the communication between cerebrum and cerebellum
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon that is a component of both nervous and endocrine systems and is a major regulator of homeostasis
Hypothalamus
Functions of the hypothalamus
- Controls ANS
- Regulates body temperature
- Regulates biological clock
- Regulates eating and drinking
- Regulates emotions and behavior
The epithalamus consists of:
Pineal gland
Habenular nuclei
Part of the epithalamus that is involved in regulation of biological clock releasing melatonin
Pineal body
Part of the epithalamus that is involved in smell
Habenular nuclei
Largest part of the brain and consists of two cerebral hemispheres
Cerebrum
Connects the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Superficial layer of grey matter and is highly folded
Cerebral cortex
Part of the cerebrum that is the deep layer
Cerebral white matter
Raised ridges on the cerebrum
Gyri
Shallow valleys between gyri found on the cerebrum
Sulci
Part of the cerebrum consisting of deep valleys dividing lobes
Fissure
Four lobes of a cerebral hemisphere
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Masses of grey matter within white matter of cerebral hemispheres
Regulate body temperature
Suppress unwanted movements
Basal nuclei
Ring of structures encircling brain stem and corpus callosum
Generates emotion
Involved in olfaction
Involved in memory
Limbic system
Term used to describe when the left side of cerebrum receives input from and send output to right side of body vice versa
Crossing over
Term used to describe when some mental functions are primarily (but not entirely) performed in particular hemisphere
Hemispheric lateralization
Which hemisphere has:
Reasoning
Numerical skill
Language
Left hemisphere
Which hemisphere has:
Musical and artistic skills
Spatial and pattern perception
Recognition of faces and emotional content of language
Right hemisphere
