4.Indo-Islamic and Colonial Architecture Flashcards
themes
- Famous place : ancient Region
ex: Bodhgaya : Baghelkhand - Chronology
ex. Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar
b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli
c) Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram
d) Varaha Image at Udayagiri - Place of Pilgrimage : Location
ex: Srisailam : Nallamala Hills
ex. Virupaksha temple
ex. Vijaya-Vittala temple
-Famous buddhist Shrine : Location
- meaning of particular term
ex. Panchayatan
-Famous Work of Sculpture
: Site
ex.image of Buddha’s Mahapariniravana : Ajanta
- utility of particular architectural piece
ex. Ibadat Khana of Fatehpur Sikri
-features of Indian rockcut
architecture
ex.oldest surviving ; made for whom ; for which faith -> Caves of badami,barabar,ellora
- All about chaityas & viharas
ex. What’s difference - all about Nagara, the Dravida and the Vesara
ex. what are they - Subject of important pillar inscriptions
ex. allahabad inscription - important place : it’s present day location
ex. Udayagiri Caves – Maharashtra - Monastery : State
ex. Dhankar monastery Himachal Pradesh - Things related to tirthankars
ex. statue of gomateswara
-Location of biggest monateries
- Famous temples : which dynasty built
ex: khajuraho : Chandela
-Lingaraja temple -> asked twice
- Dynasty : painting in it’s reign
ex: Kushanas – Gandhara school - Indus valley civilizatiion
ex. Religious beliefs ; animals
Famous Work of Architecture
: Location : By whom
SLAVE DYNASTY
1.Qutub minar : New delhi : -> 5 storeyed ( started by iltumish ; completed by Firoz Shah Tughlaq)
- Adhai Din-ka-Jhopra: Ajmer
- quwwat-ul islam masjid ,new delhi -> converted from jain temple
KHILJI DYNASTY
1.Alai Darwaza by Ala-ud-din khilji -> delhi
2.siri fort -> delhi
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY
1.Tughlaqabad :fort in delhi
- Jahaanpanah : delhi
- Ferozabad : city in UP
LODI
1.Lodi garden : delhi
2.city of agra by sikandar lodi
Bengal school
1.Qadam rasul mosque , gaur
2.Adina mosque ,Pandua
MALWA SCHOOL
1.Raani roopmati pavilion , Mandu(MP)
- jahaj mahal,Mandav (MP)
- Ashrafi mahal,Mandu (MP)
JAUNPUR
-Atala mosque,jaunpur
BIJAPUR SCHOOL
-Gol gumbaj,the mausoleum of adil shah,bijapur
KASHMIR TEMPLES
-Martand sun temple,Anantnag-> karkota dynasty -> gandhara + chinese + gupta
- Temples at Awantipora -> utpala king awantivarman
- Pandrethan ,near srinagar
- Mamleshwara shiva teple ,@Pahalgam
- Paraspore monuments,@Paraspore
- Jama masjid,srinagar
- Aali masjid,srinagar ->shahmiri king
- Pari mahal,district srinagar -> by dara shikoh
- What is Indo-islamic architecture/ indo saracenic architecture?
- arcuade style?
- 0 Trabeat style
- what was used?
- what was avoided?
- what is Arabesque method
- what is charbagh style?
- What is pietra-dura
- What is foreshortening site
- new element brought by mughals + local indian features
2. use of arch + domes
2. 0 Traditional style
3. Minars ; Mortar ; spaciousness,massiveness ; Calligraphy ; symmetry ; Jaali works ; water in premises
4. Human & animal figures
5. stem that splits regularly -> producing series of counterpoised,leafy secondary stems (singhania p.no 1.60)
6. square block la 4 parts madhe divide karun same garden bandhane
7. technique for inlay of precious gems in stone walls
8. technique using which inscriptions appear to be closer
Difference in Arcuade & Trabeat
singhania 1.61
what is imperial & provincial style of architecture?
parts of imperial?
-Imperial : architecture patronised by delhi ruler
Provincial : by local rulers
- Slave dynasty
- style name : Mameluke
- remodelling of existing hindu structure
- Qutub minar - Khilji dynasty
- seljuk style
- used red sandstone
- Arcuade style + mortar use started - Tughlaq
- grey sandstone
- batter style -> characterised by sloping walls
- focus on strength - Lodi
- only tombs commissioned
- double domes -> give strength + lower inner height
Features of provincial styles
- Bengal school
- brick + black marble
- mosques had sloping bangla roofs - Malwa school
- in city of Dhar & Mandu
- used different colours stones/marbles
- large windows : european influence
- no minars
- AKA pathan school
- good environmenta adaptation -> reasons - larg windows
- artificial water resrvoirs i.e.’baulis’
- batter system -> for strength
- Jaunpur school
- by sharqi rulers -> sharqi style
- no minars
- bold & forceful characters painted on huge screens - Bijapur school
- AKA Deccan style
- used 3-arched facade ; bulbous dome ; use of cornices (cornice : diwar ka nokila kona)
- ceiling without support
- iron clamps + mortar ->for strength
- walls had rich carvings
Architectural contributions
Babur
• Mosque of Kabuli Bagh at Panipat
• Jama Masjid at Sambhal near Delhi.
• Ram Bagh, the first Mughal Garden in India (1528) in Charbagh Style located in
Agra
Architectural contributions
Humayun
Persian style became prominent
• Laid foundation for city named Dinpanah
Humayun’s Tomb
• Built by his widow Hamida Begum
• Declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
• Mix of Indian and Persian artistry using red sandstone and white marble.
Architectural contributions
Sher shah suri
- qila-e-quhunah(mosque of old fort)
- rohtas fort,pakistan
- sher shah suri masjid,patna
- Grand trunk road
- tomb @ birthplace -> Sasaram
Architectural contributions
Akbar
- Used Red sandstone
- The buildings lack domes but there is extensive use of Chhatris. (Akbar Style)
- Introduced Tudor Arch
- Built Secular Buildings
Examples
- Humayun’s Tomb
- Agra fort -> gardens inside fort in charbagh style
- Fatehpur Sikri (city)-> in city he built
- Buland Darwaja : largest gateway of world ; commemorate gujrat victory
- Tomb of Saint Salim Chisthi : jaali work; arabesque ;
- Panch Mahal : 5 storied
- Jodha Palace
- Ibadat khana : religious discussions
- Pachisi court : to play chess
- hiran minar : in memory of favorite elephant - Jama Masjid
- Diwan-i-aam
- Diwan-i-khaas
- Govind Dev temple in Vrindavan
Architectural contributions
jahangir
• Special appreciation for the paintings over architecture -> archi. took back seat Examples 1. Akbar’s Tomb,sikandara 2. Moti Masjid 3. Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar 4.built own tomb,lahore 5.built many gardens
Architectural contributions
shah jahan
• Called ‘The Prince of Builders’ as the Mughal architecture reached its zenith
under his reign.
• Made extensive use of white marble as opposed to red sandstone
• Built Shahjahanabad City
• Superior and Lavish buildings
1. Red Fort,delhi
2. Taj Mahal : in memory of Arzuman bano begum(mumtaz mahal) ; very fine jaali work
3. Peacock throne
4.jama masjid delhi
5.shalimar bagh, lahore
Architectural contributions
Aurangzeb
• Preferred simplicity over the grandeur
• Mughal architecture saw a decline in his reign
Examples
1. A beautiful pearl mosque in the Red Fort, Delhi
Architectural contributions
Muhammad azam shah
- son of Aurangzeb
- built biwi-ka-maqbara(Aurangabad) to commemorate his mother Dilras Begum who was titled Rabia Durani
- zinat mahal,delhi -> wife’s memory
Architectural contributions
sikh style
- multiple chhatris
- shallow cornices(diwar ka nokila kona)
- domes covered by brass & copper guilds
ex. shri harmandir sahib/golden temple
