4B - Plant Cell Structure

Question 1

Describe Plant Cells
(2 Points)

Answer 1

~ Eukaryotic cells.
~ Contain most of the organelles found in animals, along with a few extra organelles which are only found in plant cells.

Question 2

Give The Description & Functions Of The Cell Wall

Answer 2

Description:
~ Rigid structures that surround plant cells.
~ Mainly made of cellulose.

Function:
~ Provides structural support.

Question 3

Give The Description & Functions Of The Middle Lamella

Answer 3

Description:
~ Outermost layer of the cell.

Function:
~ This layer acts as an adhesive, sticking adjacent plant cells together.
~ Provides stability.

Question 4

Give The Description & Functions Of The Plasmodesmata

Answer 4

Description:
~ Channels in the cell walls that link adjacent cell together.

Function:
~ Allows for transport of substances and communication between cells.

Question 5

Give The Description & Functions Of The Pits

Answer 5

Description:
~ Thin regions of the cell wall.
~ Pits in adjacent plant cells are arranged in pairs.

Function:
~ Allows for transport of substances between cells.

Question 6

Give The Description & Functions Of The Chloroplast

Answer 6

Description:
~ Small, flattened structure.
~ Surrounded by a double membrane.
~ Has membrane-bound compartments called thylakoids containing chlorophyll stack to form structures called grana.
~ Grana are joined together by lamellae, which are thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.

Function:
~ Site where photosynthesis takes place.
~ Some parts of photosynthesis take place in the grana and other parts in the stroma, which is a thick fluid.

Question 7

Give The Description & Functions Of The Amyloplast

Answer 7

Description:
~ Small, membrane-bound organelle containing starch granules.

Function:
~ Are responsible for storing starch in plants and converting it back to glucose when the plant needs it.

Question 8

Give The Description & Functions Of Vacuole & Tonoplast

Answer 8

Description:
~ The vacuole is a sac in plant cells surrounded by a tonoplast.
~ Contains cell sap, which is a mixture of different substances such as water, minerals, waste and enzymes.

Function:
~ Keep cells turgid, which stops the plant from wilting.
~ Can break down and isolate unwanted chemicals in plant cells.
~ The tonoplast controls what can enter and leave.