3A - Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Describe Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 1

Are smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

What Is An Example Of A Prokaryote?

Answer 2

Bacteria.

Question 3

What Do Prokaryotic Cells Have That Make Them Different From Eukaryotic Cells?
(4 Points)

Answer 3

~ Cytoplasm that lacks membrane-bound organelles.
~ 70s ribosomes.
~ No nucleus, instead having a single circular bacterial cell chromosome that is free in the cytoplasm.
~ A cell wall, which contains the glycoprotein murein (peptidoglycan).

Question 4

What Organelles Make Up The Ultrastructure Of Prokaryotic Cells?
(5 Points)

Answer 4

~ Plasmids.
~ Capsules.
~ Flagella.
~ Pili.
~ Mesosomes.
~ Circular DNA.
~ Ribosomes.

Question 5

Give The Description And Functions Of The Plasmid

Answer 5

Description:
~ Small loops of DNA, that are not part of the main circular DNA molecule.
~ Not always present in prokaryotic cells, some have several.

Function:
~ Contain genes for things such as antibiotic resistance, which can be passed between prokaryotes.

Question 6

Give The Description And Functions Of The Capsule

Answer 6

Description:
~ Surrounds some prokaryotes such as bacteria.
~ Not present in all prokaryotes.
~ Also referred to as the slime capsule.

Function:
~ Helps to protect bacteria from drying out and from attack by cells of the immune system of the host organism.

Question 7

Give The Description And Functions Of The Flagellum

Answer 7

Description:
~ Long, hair like structures.
~ Not all prokaryotes have them, some have more than one.

Function:
~ Rotates to allow the prokaryote to move.

Question 8

Give The Description And Functions Of The Pili

Answer 8

Description:
~ Short, hair-like structures that are on the surface of some bacteria.

Function:
~ Help prokaryotes stick to other cells and can also be used to transfer genetic material between cells.

Question 9

Give The Description And Functions Of The Mesosomes

Answer 9

Description:
~ Infolded regions in the plasma membrane of some prokaryotic cells.

Function:
~ Aerobic respiration, cell wall formation and DNA replication.

Question 10

Give The Description And Functions Of The Circular DNA

Answer 10

Description:
~ One long coiled up strand, not attached to any histone proteins.
~ Floats free in the cytoplasm.

Function:
~ Contains the genetic material of the prokaryotic cell.

Question 11

Give The Description And Functions Of The Ribosomes

Answer 11

Description:
~ Contains 70s ribosomes.

Function:
~ The site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells.