3A - Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles Flashcards
Describe Eukaryotic Cells
(2 Points)
~ Have a more complex ultrastructure than prokaryotic cells.
~ The cytoplasm are divided up into membrane-bound compartments called organelles.
What Is Meant By Ultrastructure?
Internal structure of cells.
What Are The 2 Types Of Eukaryotic Cells?
~ Animal cells.
~ Plant cells.
What Are Some Key Differences Between Animal And Plant Cells?
(2 Points)
~ Animal cells have centrioles, which contain microvilli.
~ Plant cells have a cellulose wall, large permanent vacuoles and chloroplasts.
What Is Meant By The Cell Surface Membrane?
Controls the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment of the cell.
Describe The Cell Surface Membrane
(3 Points)
~ Partially permeable.
~ Referred to as the plasma membrane.
~ Formed from a phospholipid bilayer.
Name All The Organelles That Make Up The Ultrastructure Of Eukaryotic Cells
(8 Points)
~ Nucleus.
~ Mitochondria.
~ Ribosomes.
~ RER.
~ SER.
~ Golgi apparatus.
~ Lysosome.
~ Centrioles.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Nucleus
Description:
~ Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (Double membrane), containing many pores.
~ Contains chromatin, made from DNA and proteins.
~ Contains the nucleolus.
Function:
~ Controls the cells activities, by controlling the transcription of DNA.
~ The pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
~ The nucleolus is the site of ribosomes production.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Mitochondria
Description:
~ Oval shaped.
~ Has a double membrane with the inner membrane folded to form structures called cristae.
~ Inside is the matrix where enzymes involved in respiration, mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes are found.
Function:
~ Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.
~ Are found in large numbers of cells that are very active and require a lot of energy.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Ribosomes
Description:
~ Found as free organelles in the cytoplasm or part of the RER.
~ Not surrounded by a membrane.
~ Each ribosomes is a complex of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
~ 80s are found in eukaryotes.
~ 70s are found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Function:
~ The site where proteins are made (Translation).
Give The Description And Functions Of The RER
Description:
~ A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space.
~ The surface is covered with ribosomes.
Function:
~ Folds and processes proteins that have been made on the ribosomes.
Give The Description And Functions Of The SER
Description:
~ A system of membrane enclosing a fluid filled space.
~ The surface is not covered with ribosomes.
Function:
~ Synthesises and processes lipids.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Golgi Apparatus
Description:
~ A group of fluid filled. membrane bound, flattened sacs.
~ The vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.
~ Often referred to as the Golgi body.
Function:
~ Further processes and packages new lipids and proteins into Golgi vesicles.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Lysosome
Description:
~ Round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure.
~ Specialist forms of vesicles.
Function:
~ Uses digestive enzymes separate from the cytoplasm to digest invading cells and to break down worn out components of the cell.
Give The Description And Functions Of The Centrioles
Description:
~ Small, hollow cylinders made from microtubules.
~ Found only in animal cells, and some plant cells.
Function:
~ Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
