4.b. pandemic mitigation

Question 1

physical barrier: water

Answer 1

+ restricts population movements
+ bays lakes and rivers can reduce spread of disease

e.g. chesapeake bay divides Maryland in 2 preventing spread of measles in 1917

Question 2

physical barrier: excess water

Answer 2

floods
short term death and housing, medium term malnourishment and infection,long term poverty
barrier to aid
bangladesh 18% country flooded each year

Question 3

physical barrier: remoteness of communities

Answer 3

+ reduces risk of infection e.g plague did not reach remote Befotaka region of madagascar in 2016
- no immunity
half of Nahua tribe in peru wiped out in early 1980s after fist contact with oil explorers

Question 4

physical barrier: natural hazards

Answer 4

nepal 2015 earthquake caused landslides making it hard to reach and difficult to control resulting cholera epidemic
2 week delay in relieving aid in remote islands after hurricane in Philippines in 2015

Question 5

physical barrier: relief

Answer 5

Ethiopia anopheles mosquito cannot survive at high altitude
respiratory illness due to hypoxic conditions
bronchitis in 13/19 climbers at 4300m elevation in Aconcagua

Question 6

AIDS

Answer 6

only 70% of people living with HIV know their status
54%of adults and 43% of children with HIV are receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy
HIV/AIDS was targeted by UN Millennium Development goal 6a to halt and reverse the spread of disease by 2015 and it is mostly successful

Question 7

national strategies for HIV: screening

Answer 7

since 2006 CDC in USA has recommended screening of all people 13-64 at least once

in UK women positive from HIV dropped from 2.% in 2000 to 0.5% in 2010 due to people’s knowledge of HIV status. this prevents mother to fetus transmission

Question 8

international strategies for HIV: screening

Answer 8

UN AIDS 90-90-90 target means 90% people with HIV know their status, 90% who know their HIV status on ARV, 90% on ARV seeing decreased viral load

ProTest HIV initiative lunchedintially in Gabon by UN

Question 9

national strategies for HIV: funding of treatment

Answer 9

SA:80% aids responses govt funded
SA: accounts for 20% people globally on ARVs

indonesia 2013 strategy to increase use of ARV has decreases aids related deaths by 22%

Question 10

international strategies for HIV: funding of treatment

Answer 10

AIDS monitoring system globally mobilise US$26 billion by 2020
WHO expanded number of people recommended of treatment in 2013 due to increase treatment for 16 million people to 28 million

Question 11

national strategies for HIV: education programmes

Answer 11

addition of sexual health to zambia education system (52% people aged below 18s o significant)
She Conquers programme in SA is a youth lead programme to help sexual health through school for teens and young parents

Question 12

international strategies for HIV: education programmes

Answer 12

UNAIDS aim to give access to combination of prevention options including condoms and PreEP (pre exposure prophylaxis) to 90% of people at risk with 20 billion condoms available in emerging and developing countries.

Question 13

HIV AIDS

Answer 13

37 million people with HIV
1.5 million new cases in 2021

Question 14

AIDS pandemic surveillance

Answer 14

AIDS global monitoring system to moralise US$26 mil by 2020
Long term solution, real time statistics, projection of data, directed funding
However, 1.5 mil new cases in2021

Question 15

Small pox eradication

Answer 15

Long term impacts on vaccine development advance the global infectious disease co op
Eradicated in 1979
300-500 il deaths in 20th century
However, slow

Question 16

Pandemic mitigation slowed by conflict preventing resources: polio

Answer 16

Only 22 ashes n Afghanistan and Pakistan but feels of rising illness
Conflict acts as barrier to resources and aid
Internally displaced people, lack of sanitation
Peacekeeping and neutral medics moralised by UN can help

Question 17

Large scale top down disease mitigation; HAITI

Answer 17

UNICEF provided water and sanitation to 117 communities
Scale of impact prevents disease diffusion
Shared water, increases contamination, cases spread and so does panic
However, aid workers first brought the ilness