3.a mitigating communicable disease: malaria in Ethiopia

Question 1

demographics of Ethiopia

Answer 1

80% like in rural areas
40 in absolute poverty
80% rely on agriculture
40% children are undernourished
2.4% adult prevalence of HIV

Question 2

human causes of Malaria in Etheopia

Answer 2

population movements
urbanisation
irrigation schemes- Gambella Province
misuse of malarial drugs

Question 3

environmental/ physical causes of Malaria in Ethiopia

Answer 3

warm and humid climate
stagnant water for breeding
rainy season
topography

Question 4

impacts of Malaria

Answer 4

70 000 deaths
13.6% prevalence
40% national health expenditure
caused famine in 1980s and decreases food security

Question 5

RBM

Answer 5

WHO strategy:
roll back malaria
technical assistance provided in Ethiopia since 2019

Question 6

NMSP

Answer 6

National Malaria strategic elimination plan
2021-2025
focus moved from controlling outbreaks to eradication measures
currently has a 168 million usd funding gap
chemoprophylaxis or seasonal chemoprevention
social and behavioural change communication

Question 7

indirect strategies

Answer 7

insecticide treated mosquito nets
indoor residual spraying
mosquito larval source reduction
malaria indicator study

Question 8

direct strategies

Answer 8

Ethiopia has targeted malaria elimination nationwide by 2030
vaccination development RTS, S
direct medication to decrease deaths

Question 9

successes and fails of the WHO elimination strategies

Answer 9

some of 21 countries aimed at elimination achieved e.g. Saudi Arabia but Swaziland, SA and Botswana failed
recommend RTS, S vaccine (30% reduction of severe cases) but financially sustainable

Question 10

recent conflict

Answer 10

Tigrayan guerrilla warfare (November 2020 – current day)
Ethiopia-Eritrea war (till 2018)