1 a b and c Six Markers Disease

Question 1

Explain how socioeconomic factors may create barriers to disease spread
Mass vaccination programs

Answer 1

Mass vaccination programs
Reduce transmission by decreasing possible hosts
Decrease vulnerability and mortality
Limits disease diffusion
Herd immunity
E.g. annual NHS flu vaccine for 50+ to combat against mutations e.g. antigenic shift

Question 2

Explain how socioeconomic factors may create barriers to disease spread: changing stigma

Answer 2

Stigma around illness decreases early intervention and treatment
Increased expansion diffusion by symptomatic carriers
E.g. comorbidity of HIV and TB in SA
TB HIV-: 25000 dead TB HIV+: 73000
Historic lack of government intervention and healthcare

Question 3

How seasonal variation in temperature influences the outbreak of named disease
Increased temp and Malaria

Answer 3

Increases parasitic replication rate
Mosquito is only the vector, parasite is the pathogen
People become infectious sooner
Increased efficiency to disease diffusion

Question 4

How seasonal variation in temperature influences the outbreak of a named disease: altitude

Answer 4

Temp decrease 6 degrees for every 1000m upwards
Decreased activity of anopheles
Lower mosquito density, less blood meals, less transmission
Highest Malaria in Lowlands
Geographically isolated outbreak