4b - mood Flashcards
mood
Brown & Astell (2012): affective ‘states of mind’ that underlie our subjective mental life.
Beedie, Terry & Lane (2005): Conceptual separation:
Folk Psychology’ Perspective: (asked members of public w no specialist knowledge)
What do you believe is the difference between an emotion and a mood?
Comparison with Academic Literature.
65 published articles distinguishing between mood and emotion
mood states
Mood states: sporadic emotional states, lasting for minutes or hours… that are manifested though physiological signals e.g. increased heart rate, and behavioural signals, e.g. smiling.
Individual Differences in Mood
mood traits: Dispositions of mood
Reflect capacity and tendency to experience mood states.
Costa et al (1987): mood is moderately stable (r ~ .44) over time.
McConville and Cooper (1992)
Characteristic patterns of variability of mood states
Structure of Mood Watson and Tellegen (1985):
Reviewed previous factor analysis studies of mood adjective ratings
Two independent dimensions:
Positive Affect (PA)
Negative Affect (NA)
Positive Affect (PA)
Negative Affect (NA)
High positive affect: enthusiasm, excitement, active
Low positive affect: drowsy, sluggish
High neg affect:distressed, feaful
low neg affect: relaxed, calm
Co-occurrence of positive and negative mood: bittersweet
2 studies
Larsen et al. (2001): Examined co-activation of happiness and sadness.
watched tragic comedy. Over half said felt happy and sad at same time
Evidence for bittersweet feelings on graduation
Conrad et al. (2019): 16% of songs that people listen to on repeat reflect bittersweet feelings.
Co-activation of positive and negative feelings (even ‘Happiness’ and ‘Sadness’) is possible (though probably not common).
Mathews, jones and chamberlain 3 factor model
continuum, not seperate dimensions
Tense arousal: anxious, stressed -> calm, relaxed
Energetic arousal: Active, alert -> idle, sleepy
Hedonic tone: pleases, cheerful happy –> low-spirited, sad
hedonistic tone modertaley associated w arousal - emotions could influence arousal or visa vera
Matthew, Jones and Chamberlain (1990) + happiness = ..
Factor analysed responses to 48 item UMACL checklist
Three-dimensional model of mood.
Hedonic tone modestly associated with arousal scales.
Diener (2000): ‘Happiness’ = Positive Affect – Negative Affect
Assessing Individual Differences in Mood Traits and States
Most methods for assessing individual differences in mood involve retrospective judgements
So, subject to biases associated with retrospective judgement
what are moods biased by
Your current mood.
Your most extreme mood state during the period covered (‘peak’ mood).
Your mood state at the end of the period covered (‘end’ mood).
Beliefs, stereotypes, and expectations about mood patterns.
Cultural Mood Stereotypes
Areni and Burger. step 1
if beliefs about our typical moods fit with cultural stereotypes about days of the week:
found the rated moods fit with cultural stereotypes -
beliefs/expectations fit
.
Areni and burger step 2
wanted to know if beliefs reflect reality and if beliefs about mood can influence memory of expereince
Days 1-7: Daily momentary mood assessments
Day 8: Mood stereotypes
Day 8: Retrospective mood assessments
Little evidence that mood stereotypes reflect real moods.
For Mondays: Mood stereotypes were a better predictor of remembered mood than actual moods were
Effects of Current Mood + peak end theory Schwartz and Clore - telephone study
Telephone interview with participants on sunny or rainy days
seeing if overall life happiness was influenced by current mood -
levels of mood higher on sunny and lower on rainy days: 7.50 vs 5.40
global happiness on sunny says was higher than on rainy days 7.40 vs 5.00
peak end theory
Peak-End Theory
e.g. Redelmeier and Kahneman (1996)
Patients’ retrospective ratings were strongly influenced by Peak (most extreme) and End (mood at end of period) experiences.
Lower correlations with duration of experiences (‘duration neglect’).
