3a - persoanlity & physical health - did Flashcards

1
Q

survival rates for conscientiousness

A

Survival rate for high level of conscientiousness was higher (half as likely to die over the 5 years) – 75% survival compared to 55% in average and low conscientiousness

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2
Q

4 pathways for personality and health

A

1) Direct causation: direct biological link between personality and health e.g., increased blood pressure
2) Correlational: while there is a correlation, personality may not be causing change in health, but another factor
3) Causal chain: personality linked to certain behaviour patterns which may be linked to health
4) Somatogenic: aspects of health causing changes in personality e.g., brain damage

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3
Q

Disease-Prone Personality Types

A

Personality factors that predict cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Type A and B differ in likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease
Seen on a continuum

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4
Q

Type A and B persoanlity traits

A

Type A: competitive ambitious, imaptient, aggressive, hostile
Type B: takes life as it comes, uninterested in power and achievement, relaxed

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5
Q

Type A Personality and CVD risk

A

Maltby, Day & Macaskill (2017):
Large, longitudinal, epidemiological studies: inconsistent findings.
Meta-analyses:
A significant but modest effect of Type A on CVD
Differences in results related to inconsistencies in personality assessments used.

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6
Q

Glass: 3 seperate components of type A

A

competitively striving for achievement
sense of urgency
Hostility ** toxic component - most associated w cardiovascular disease

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7
Q

Other ‘Disease-Prone’ Personality Types + its common personality type

A

Type c - increased risk of cancer. Eysneck studied male w lung cancer
Common personality type: high extroversion and low neuroticism (suppress rather than experience emotion)
But studies done w people w cancer at the time so cant establish cause and ef

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8
Q

Type D

A

= distressed
Type D = increased tendency to experience negative emotion and lack of social resources to help cope w emotions
High in type D worse in recovery/treatment of heart attack and more likely to have increased future risk

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9
Q

Conscientiousness - longevity + bio

A

Clear link between C and longevity.
Most support for causal behavioural chain mechanism.
high in conscientiousness less likely to experience stress in lives -more organised/less chaotic
Interleukin 6: indicates higher levels of stress and poorer health outcomes
high levels in conscientiousness – cope w stress better or experience less stress in lives

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10
Q

Neuroticism & SES

A

Effect of neuroticism on longevity mediated by SES: social, educational and financial means
Living in low SES linked w high levels of neuroticism and worse health outcomes

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11
Q

extraversion

A

Those higher in measure of extraversion higher in excitement seeking and impulsivity were more likely to have died on follow up

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12
Q

Chapman, Roberts & Duberstein (2011):

A

Positive associations between E and mortality partly explained by smoking.

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13
Q

positive extraversion

A

Facets of extraversion that are linked w increased longevity
Direct biological link  extraversion linked to immune functioning

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14
Q

extraverted gorillas - Weiss

A

Examined personality predictors of survival.
Extraversion was only personality trait associated w survival
Graph: proportion of gorillas dying decreased as extraversion increased
May represent:
Immune functioning
Stronger social ties/support
Lower cardiovascular disease

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15
Q

Openness to Experience

A

Good evidence for positive association with longevity
leads to increased engagement cognitive and educational activities
builds a cognitive reserve - protects against dementia

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16
Q

Effects of Health on Personality - LBW

A

Waxman: Those w extremely low birth rate  higher levels of cautiousness in adulthood
Personality differences due to differences in brain development (adaptive developmental state) signal that brain should develop to cope w stress from environment from early birth
Parents of LBW children more protective
subsequent illnesses make them more conscious

17
Q

Jokela - Impact of chronic disease(s) on Big 5 traits
+ 4 mechanisms

A

Size of effect differed across health conditions  most significant change from stroke
Smallest effect was from Cancer

potential mechanisms:
Neural function
Coping with distress and challenges of disease (N).
Fatigue (E).
Lowered ability to organise life (C)

18
Q

practical applicaitons - Hagger-Johnson and Pollard Whiteman (2008): The 5 Ts

A

Targeting campaigns to personality traits.
Tailoring interventions to personality profiles
Personality ‘Training’
‘Treatment’ of personality…
(recording) Transformation