4b- Mitigation strategies to combat global pandemics and overcome physical barriers Flashcards
how does relief impact the mitigation of a disease
makes it hard for aid workers to reach certain areas, but helps slows spread of disease like Malaria in Ethiopia as at higher altitudes there is less tropical diseases. Flatter areas means theres less run off so more stagnant water so more breeding grounds for mosquitoes and water bourne diseases like cholera
how does natural hazards impact the mitigation of a disease
restricts movement, heavy rain or winds can wipe out vectors, contaminate water supply- more breeding sites for mosquitoes, homes or hospitals destroyed so people in close proximity, injuries can lead to more vulnerability, infrastructure destroyed, dangerous- Haiti
how does excess water impact the mitigation of a disease
clean and sanitise, reduce fires- less smoke so less cancer, access to medicine via ships, stagnant water, contaminated water, damage to buildings- breeding ground
how does remoteness of communities impact the mitigation of a disease
restrict population movements, and reduce the risk of communicable diseases due to lack of contact and natural quarantine.
delay arrival of help, may not have natural resistance, prone to zoonotic diseases, lack of education. Little access to health care so less vaccines
WHOs indirect role in mitigating against global pandemics (COVID)
helped classify the pandemic by spreading information and declaring the different stages (30 jan 2020 declared it a public health emergency an 1 mach 2020 declared it a pandemic. WHO held 134 media briefings to spread information
helped coordinate knowledge an research from different areas which allowed them model and advise
WHOs direct role in mitigating against global pandemics (COVID)
COVAX scheme was set up so that richer countries buying vaccines agreed to help finance access for poorer nations too. Aimed to deliver 2 billion doses to people in 190 countries in a year and aimed to reach 20% of the populations of poorer countries at no cost to their governments
How successful has WHO been at mitigating COVID
COVAX secured the full funding but the rollout has been slow so access to the vaccines remains unequal and has delivered 72 million doses to 125 countries but should have done 172 million by now and has only been responsible for less than 4% of worldwide vaccinations administered
how did Australia mitigate against covid
had one of the world’s longest lockdowns in Melbourne shutting everything that wasn’t a grocery store or hospital for nearly 4 months and roadblocks were established to ensure people stayed home - if rules were broken fines of $1300 were faced. People coming into the country were required to quarantine in a hotel
Also increased Rapid Antigen Tests (RAT) distribution which helped curb the spread of infection in communities and identify new cases quickly
expanded Australians access to telehealth which allowed video consults with health professionals - more than 4.3 million medical and health services were delivered to 3 million patients in the first 5 weeks
how effective was Australian governments mitigation against covid
surrounded by water so easy to control entry and exit
cases peaked in Aug at 739 and fell from there
took more than 6 weeks after Australia first confirmed case for the federal government to introduce universal travel restrictions so before this only certain countries were limited and countries that posed a threat weren’t included
struggled to meet the rising demand for PPE and their stockpile was not sufficient
how did Australia’s level of development affect their mitigation of Covid
could afford vaccines and take the economic sacrifice of lockdown
how did Brazil mitigate against Covid
implemented social distancing - local scale rather than national
masks made mandatory in public spaces
testing and tracing implemented where possible but in some areas lack of resources made this hard
aim was to vaccinate the entire adult pop by 2021 but acquiring all the vaccines and distributing made this hard
public awareness campaign was launched which educated the population about the risks of Covid and how to prevent its spread
how effective was Brazil at mitigating against Covid
government accused of downplaying the severity of the pandemic and not taking enough measures to contain it’s spread so hard to communicate accurate information about the virus and how to prevent it’s spread
had a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations in brazil- low income communities, indigenous people, and Afro-Brazillians. These populations lacked access to healthcare and had jobs that put them at risk of infection - led to lack of hospital beds, medical supplies and healthcare workers
how did Brazil’s level of development affect their mitigation of covid
has many poor and marginalized communities lacking access to basic healthcare and resources- hit harder by pandemic with higher rates of infection and mortality
hard for Brazil to implement large scale strategies as they can’t afford large amounts of vaccine or ppe
are national or international strategies more effective in the mitigation of COVID-19
national strategies good for local scale and can be adapted to the situations of each country like implementing lockdowns and setting up testing centres
international can help poorer countries and educate the world on how to stop the spread
combination of both will be most effective approach
