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Religious Studies: Christianity > 4B: Eucharist > Flashcards

4B: Eucharist Flashcards

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1
Q

What is eucharist also known as?

A

Holy communion, mass, Lords supper

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2
Q

What happened in the last supper?

A

Jesus shared a meal with his disciples. took bread and wine: bread is Jesus’ body. wine is Jesus’ blood

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3
Q

1 Corinthians 11:27: “for as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim…

A

the lord’s death until he comes”

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4
Q

What do Christians do to remember Jesus?

A

drink wine and eat bread

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5
Q

What do Christians believe the wine and bread symbolise?

A

Christ’s body and blood, some even believe it becomes his body and blood (transubstantiation)

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6
Q

What is eucharist?

A
  • the physical reenactment of jesus’ last supper with his disciples
  • a meal which has the real presence of Jesus
  • a symbolic reminder of god’s love for humankind
  • a memorial of Jesus’ last hours on earth
  • a fellowship or communion of christian’s and between them and god
  • a celebration of Jesus’ resurrection and of the Christians life with him
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7
Q

What is transubstantiation?

A

the bread and wine change into the actual body and blood of Jesus when consecrated by an ordained Priest

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8
Q

Quote about transubstantiation from the Fourth Lateran Council

A

“his body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament… the bread and wine having been transubstantiated, by god’s power, into his body and blood”

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9
Q

What term for transubstantiation does the orthodox church prefer to use?

A

transclementation and re-ordination

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10
Q

What does the orthodox church view the change in transclementation as?

A

a ‘divine mystery’
- what they consume is mysteriously the body and blood of Christ, not real human flesh and blood

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11
Q

Who challenged the doctrine of substantiation?

A

Protestant Reformers

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12
Q

Which council reaffirmed the doctrine of substantiation?

A

The Council of Trent (1551)

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13
Q

Who also reaffirmed the doctrine of substantiation?

A

Pope Paul VI’s ‘Mysterium Fidei’ (1965)

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14
Q

Who put forward the idea of transignification?

A

Edward Schillebeeckx

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15
Q

What is transignification?

A

the belief that Christ is sacramentally, but not physically, present in the consecrated bread and wine

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16
Q

What is believed to happen in transignification when the bread and wine is consecrated?

A

it takes on the real significance of Christ’s body and blood, but are not chemically changed

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17
Q

What are the 2 kinds of presence in transignification?

A

local and personal
example: pupils may be “locally” present in a class but if their thoughts are far away, then they are not personally present

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18
Q

Who put forward the idea of transfinalisation?

A

Karl Rahner

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19
Q

What is transfinalisation?

A

the belief that when the bread and wine are consecrated, their purpose is changed but not their substance

20
Q

What happens to the bread and wine in transfinalisation?

A

it serves a new function; to stir up faith in the mystery of Christ’s redemptive love

21
Q

Who condemned transfinalisation and transignification due to the fact that it condemned transignification?

A

Pope Paul VI

22
Q

Who put forward the idea of consubstantiation and why?

A

Protestant Reformers, to challenge the idea of transubstantiation

23
Q

What is consubstantiation?

A

the belief that the body and blood of Christ co-exists with the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist. Christ is spiritually present “with them, in them and under them”

24
Q

What does “con” mean and what does this imply about the term ‘consubstantiation’?

A

“with”: means that consubstantiation means the body and blood of Jesus co-exists WITH the substance of the bread and wine

25
Q

When is the term consubstantiation often used?

A

when designating the view of Martin Luther, even though it was never used by him and rejected by most Lutheran churches as unbiblical

26
Q

What term did Luther use to convey the belief that the ‘real presence’ of Jesus was in the bread and the wine?

A

Sacramental Union

27
Q

Who put forward the idea of Memorialism?

A

Zwingli

28
Q

What is memorialism?

A

the belief that the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist are merely symbolic representations of Christ’s body and blood

29
Q

What did Zwingli teach about Eucharist?

A

the bread and wine do not communicate Jesus to the recipient

30
Q

Luke 22:19 and what it suggests

A

“Do this in remembrance of me”
- suggests that Eucharist is a commemorative ceremony where participants remember Jesus’ sacrifice for them on the cross

31
Q

How is Jesus present in Eucharist according to Zwingli?

A

only to the degree that each individual brings him and his work to mind

32
Q

Who put forward the idea of virtualism?

A

John Calvin

33
Q

What is virtualism?

A

the belief that Christ’s unique power is present in the consecrated bread and wine, but this power is only received by the predestined elect

34
Q

What is Calvin’s pre destination doctrine?

A

the belief that God has elected some people to be saved, but not others.

35
Q

Why does Calvin believe that Christ’s body cannot be present in the Eucharist?

A

because his body has already ascended into heaven

36
Q

What is the doctrine of virtualism also known as?

A

“receptionism”

37
Q

What are some points to suggest that there is a lot common ground with modern understanding of the Eucharist?

A
  • they all agree that Eucharist was re-instituted by Jesus as a re enactment of his Last Supper
  • all agree the bread and wine signify the body and blood
  • Eucharist is a source of grace for ALL believers
  • it is a symbolic reminder of God’s love for humanity
  • all agree that Jesus is present is some way
  • reaffirms individual faith
  • all agree it is a memorial of Jesus’ last hours
  • all agree it is a celebration of Jesus’ resurrection and of the Christians life with him
  • all agree it is a fellowship between them and God
  • Eucharist is remembering Jesus and giving thanks to him
38
Q

What are some points to suggest that there is little common ground with modern understanding of the Eucharist?

A
  • Roman Catholics: transubstantiation
  • many Christians do not celebrate Eucharist weekly
  • Schillebeeckx: transignification (criticised by Pope)
  • Rahner: transfinalisation (criticised by Pope)
  • Reformers: Zwingli - memorialism
  • Lutheran Church: consubstantiation
  • different interpretations on “this is my body”: Orthodox believe it is a mystery. RCs believe this to be literal. Zwingli believes this to be a metaphor.
39
Q

When is Eucharist celebrated in Orthodox and Catholic traditions?

A

every Sunday

40
Q

What does Eucharist traditionally involve?

A

ornate vessels, colourful vestments, dignified music and liturgy, procession, incense, and a formal structure

41
Q

What 3 parts does Orthodox Divine Liturgy consist of?

A

1) Liturgy of Preparation - said only by the Priest and Deacon when the bread and wine is prepared
2) Liturgy of Catechumens - public, includes many litanies, hymns, a reading from the Epistles & Gospels, and a homily
3) Liturgy of the Faithful - restricted to baptised people. involves Eucharistic prayer, the Epiklesis, the Lord’s Prayer and the taking of communion

42
Q

What 4 parts does Roman Catholic Mass consist of?

A

1) An Introductory Rite: includes blessing and pentinence
2) Liturgy of the Word: Biblical readings, homily Creed
3) Liturgy of the Eucharist: preparation of bread and wine, Eucharistic prayer, Lord’s prayer, a sign of peace, breaking the bread, taking of communion
4) A concluding rite: blessing and dismal

43
Q

How often do Calvinist churches celebrate Eucharist?

A

once a month, but has a devotional basis: to give people time to reflect on their state of sin

44
Q

How do churches with a memorialist view celebrate Eucharist?

A

celebrate even less frequently and may lack ceremony and a formal liturgy and structure, but still conducted in a prayerful, dignified manner

45
Q

How is the role of the priest important in Eucharist?

A
  • it is important for churches that believe Eucharist is a means of grace: consecrating the bread and wine
  • the words of Jesus are recited but might not be said by an ordained Priest
  • Canon law insists that the priest must strictly adhere to the order of the mass
  • without priestly consecration in the Catholic church, the bread and wine fails to change substance

Religious Studies: Christianity (25 decks)

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