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Religious Studies: Christianity > 2F: Moral Principles > Flashcards

2F: Moral Principles Flashcards

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1
Q

Decalogue

A

the ten commandments found in the Torah

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2
Q

Two commandments

A

Jesus’ commands to love god and love your neighbour as yourself

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3
Q

Agape

A

unconditional, self giving, sacrificial, universal love

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4
Q

Parable

A

a story with a meaning. one of the main ways that Jesus taught his message

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5
Q

Steadfast

A

firm and unwavering, committed and loyal

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6
Q

Iniquity

A

immoral or grossly unfair behavior

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7
Q

Conscience

A

a person’s moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one’s behaviour.

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8
Q

William Barclay: “there is no one ______ ______ that can claim to be _________”

A

ethical system, Christian

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9
Q

What do Christians do instead of following an ethical system?

A

look for clues and ideas of how to act in the Bible (their revelation from god), including examining how god has acted in the life of Jesus

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10
Q

What is the main principle for Christians?

A

agape

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11
Q

Why are Jesus’ 2 commandments important?

A

because they sum up the whole of the teaching of scripture and summarise the Decalogue

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12
Q

Quote for Matthew 22:37-40

A

“all the law and prophets hang on these two commandments”

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13
Q

3 verses that describe the love of god and the kind of love envisioned for believers

A
  • John 3:16: “for god so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten son”
  • John 15:13: “greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends” (agape)
  • Leviticus 19:34: “you shall love the alien as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt: I am the lord your god”
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14
Q

We usually think of love as a feeling, but what does Brettler believe?

A

love can mean many things - erotic, lust, obedience. (Hebrew: ‘ahav’ = ‘to love’. ref to in song of songs as erotic love)
it’s a verb, an attitude, a commitment

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15
Q

What are the 5 moral principles that Christians see in god and Jesus and which they seek to emulate?

A
  1. loving one’s neighbour
  2. gods love as a potential model for christian behaviour
  3. regard for truth
  4. taking one’s conscience seriously
  5. forgiveness
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16
Q

Key ideas of the importance of love of neighbour

A
  • we must show unconditional positive regard for people
  • our neighbour is anyone else, not just those closest to us
  • ties with Jesus’ golden rule: “treat others as you would want to be treated”
  • one of Jesus’ two commandments
  • love is not a feeling, it is an attitude and an action
  • love of neighbour also demands love of enemies
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17
Q

Leviticus 19:34

A

“you shall love the alien as yourself”

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18
Q

Luke 10:25-28

A

“‘what must i do to inherit eternal life?’ […] ‘you shall love the lord your god with all your heart […] and your neighbour as yourself’

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19
Q

Parable of the Good Samaritan

A

an injured man is ignored by a Priest and a Levite but is helped by a Samaritan. Jesus tells us to “go and do like wise”

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20
Q

Why is loving your neighbour crucial for Christians?

A
  • it is one of Jesus’ two commandments
  • second greatest commandment in the decalogue after “love god with all your heart, soul and mind”
  • loving your neighbour involves treating others with respect, applying agape love by being selfless and sacrificial to others: whether this means forcing them when they make a mistake or prioritising their needs over yours
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21
Q

Key ideas of god’s love as a potential model for Christian behaviour

A
  • we must show unconditional positive regard for people, because this is what god shows us
  • the divine initiative: god reaches out to us in love first, we should respond in love
  • one of Jesus’ two commandments
  • love is not a feeling, but an attitude and an action (Brettler)
  • some discomfort possible over the character of god as revealed in scripture. sometimes his love seems hard
  • gods love is trinitarian: shown in the love of the father, through the character and sacrifice of the son and through the ongoing comfort of the holy spirit
22
Q

Exodus 34:6-7 and the key ideas

A

“a god merciful and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in steadfast love”
key idea; god forgives immoral behaviour but does not clear the person of their guilt and instead looks at the immoral behaviour of future generations

23
Q

1 John 4:19-21 and the key ideas

A

“those who love god must love their
brothers and sisters also”
key ideas; if we can’t love gods creation, how can we love god? there is a contradiction between loving god and not loving ones fellow believers

24
Q

What does John 3:16 and John 15:13 say about god’s love?

A

John 3:16: “god so loved the world that he gave us his only begotten son”
John 15:15: “greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends”

25
Q

What do Dawkins and McFague accuse god of?

A

being a terrible model for morality. he is vengeful, vindictive and evil. a god who seems to ‘change his mind’ in response to human action makes him seem too human

26
Q

What are some examples of gods vengeance?

A
  • destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah for their dissolute behaviour
  • ordered others to be slaughtered for rebelling against Moses
  • 50000 killed for looking into the ark of the covenant
  • mass slaughter of Israel’s enemies commanded through prophet Samuel
  • plague for King David’s sin, thousands of Israelites died
27
Q

How might a Christian defend god against Dawkins charges?

A

they might say that god did what he did for a purpose

28
Q

Key ideas of regard for truth

A
  • Christians have always considered themselves ‘guardians of truth’
  • by ‘truth’ they mean the ultimate meaning and value of existence
  • this truth is communicated through the bible which is an important symbol of truth for Christians
  • having a regard for truth can mean speaking out against that which is considered wrong or damaging
  • it can involve ‘speaking truth to power’, which means being unafraid to criticise authorities if their actions are against Christian teachings of justice and truth
29
Q

1 Samuel 12:24 and the key ideas

A

“only fear the lord, and serve him faithfully with all your heart; for consider what great things he has done for you”
key ideas: Israel should be faithful to god and serve him from their hearts

30
Q

Ephesians 4:25-27 and the key ideas

A

“be angry but do not sin; let the sun go down on your anger and do not make room for the devil”
key ideas: Christians are part of a body, lies damage that body. if we must be truthful to god we must be truthful to others.
scholarly quote: “a lie is to stab into the very vitals of the body of christ” - John A Mackay

31
Q

Key ideas of the role of conscience

A
  • conscience = knowing what god wants you to do
  • the Bible teaches that since humans are made in the image of god, we have an innate sense of right and wrong
  • we can view situations in a moral light and make ethical judgements based on this: this ability is known as conscience
  • St Paul taught that even non believers have a sense of conscience
  • Christians believe their conscience must be informed by the Bible, the holy spirit and church teachings
  • the Christians goal is to develop a mature conscience; neither too sensitive nor too insensitive (and causing excess guilt)
32
Q

2 Corinthians 1:12 and the key ideas

A

“this is our boast, the testimony of our conscience”
key ideas: the way to a clear conscience is not dwelling on one’s accomplishments , but on the grace of god

33
Q

1 Timothy 1:5 and the key ideas

A

“Love that comes from a pure heart, a good conscience and sincere faith”
key idea: the true goal of religious teaching is not merely right thinking, but a ‘right life’. the central objective of paul’s teachings is to foster genuine love which is free from ulterior motives

34
Q

Is it morally right to protest things with which your conscience disagrees?

A

yes as long as it is in a peaceful and safe way. it can sometimes satisfy a conflicted conscience because you can express your opinion

35
Q

Can it be morally right to hurt/kill people in the course of protesting things with which your conscience disagrees?

A

No
- example of Eric Rudolph who bombed the 1996 Atlanta olympics: said that it was a “moral duty”
- it is morally wrong as it breaches the decalogue
- god created us overly diverse so there will always be differences between us and we must accept this as we are all each others neighbours
- murder cannot satisfy conscience

36
Q

Key ideas of the need for forgiveness

A
  • forgiveness is a prominent theme in the teaching of Jesus
  • features prominently in the sermon on the mount, the lord’s prayer, in his conversations with his disciples and in his words from the cross
  • for many Christians we should forgive others as god forgives us; again referring to the divine initiative. god reached out to forgive first
  • forgiveness is seen as a conscious choice made in obedience to gods will
  • it means letting go of the feelings of anger and hurt caused by the offence
37
Q

Matthew 6:14-15 and the key ideas

A

“if you do not forgive others, neither will your father forgive your trespasses”
- key idea: we cut ourselves off from god if we do not forgive others

38
Q

Is Matthew 6:14 reassuring or harsh?

A

reassuring: god promotes a healthy mindset of being the bigger person. it also highlights the power of forgiveness along with the compassionate and merciful aspects of it

39
Q

Colossians 3:12-13 and the key ideas

A

“forgive each other; just as the lord has forgiven you, so you must also forgive”
key ideas: forgiveness is an action of god and part of his character. believers should forgive each other to maintain unity and harmony. we should forgive others as god forgives us

40
Q

Mary Blewitt’s story

A

Blewitt says ‘forgiveness has no place at all’ and cannot forgive anyone after her family was killed in the Rwanda genocide

41
Q

Why does Blewitt think that forgiveness isn’t appropriate in the case of the Rwandan genocide?

A

50 members of her family were killed. innocent children were butchered and suffocated and there was no justice

42
Q

Why might people disagree with Blewitt?

A

they might say that we should forgive and love everyone because we were all created equal in gods image with the potential to develop into his likeness

43
Q

Blewitt says there cannot be forgiveness without justice and has actively worked for justice for the victims. Why might working for justice be an important principle for Christians?

A

justice concerns taking responsibility for your actions and personal affairs as well as being fair. justice is the path to reconciliation

44
Q

Do you think that we should always try to forgive?

A

no
- some acts cannot be forgiven
- always forgiving people might allow respected harm without any accountability
- however, forgiveness is a personal choice and it can lead to personal growth and emotional healing

45
Q

Why might love of neighbour be seen as the most important moral principle?

A

“you shall love the alien as yourself” - alien = anyone who is outside of their homeland/vulnerable
- moral principles such as caring for the poor and needy

46
Q

Why might love of god be seen as the most important moral principle?

A
  • first moral imperative is to “love the lord your god with all your heart, soul and mind”
  • you can only love your neighbour if you love god first
47
Q

Why might love of god AND love of neighbour be seen as the most important moral principle?

A
  • Jesus wanted his followers to seek the welfare of others, which is at the heart of his teachings
  • his followers believe that practicing this love is the work god has given them to do on earth
48
Q

Why might love of god be seen as the basis of Christian morality?

A
  • god loved us so we must love god
  • true love of god = true love of humanity
  • we must respond to gods love by showing love to our neighbours and keeping gods commandments
49
Q

Why might the 10 commandments be seen as the basis of Christian morality?

A

1 John 5:3: we must obey gods commandments and his commandments are not burdensome

50
Q

Why might the example of Jesus be seen as the basis of Christian morality?

A

as Jesus is fully god, his actions must be the basis of christian morality: he accepted all, forgave sins, welcomed outcasts and cared for the weak

Religious Studies: Christianity (25 decks)

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