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IOB > 4B > Flashcards

4B Flashcards

1
Q

interphase

A

the first stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle which involves cellular growth and duplication of chromosomes. Composed of three phases: G1, S, and G2

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2
Q

chromosome

A

a structure composed of DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins. Carries the genetic information (genes) of a cell

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3
Q

mitosis

A

the second stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which involves the complete separation of sister chromatids and nuclei

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4
Q

sister chromatids

A

the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome

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5
Q

cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two daughter cells

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6
Q

chromatin

A

chromosomes (DNA and proteins) that have been unwound and loosely packed during interphase

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7
Q

quiescent

A

dormant cells which can re-enter the cell cycle

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8
Q

terminally differentiated

A

cells that have fully specialised and no longer replicate

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9
Q

chromatid

A

one half of a double-stranded chromosome

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10
Q

centromere

A

the structure which holds sister chromatids together

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11
Q

somatic cells

A

any cell that is not a reproductive cell (such as sperm and egg cells). Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes - one inherited from each parent

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12
Q

diploid

A

cells or organisms that have two sets of chromosomes (2n)

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13
Q

daughter cell

A

the formation of a new cell following cell replication

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14
Q

chromosome condensation

A

the shortening and thickening of chromosomes, as DNA is tightly wrapped around histone proteins

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15
Q

centrioles

A

cylindrical structures composed of protein which form the spindle fibres during mitosis and meiosis

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16
Q

spindle fibres

A

structures which aid in the movement of chromosomes to either pole of the cell during mitosis and meiosis

17
Q

equator

A

the centre line between opposite ends of the cell that the chromosomes line up on during metaphase

18
Q

cleavage furrow

A

an indentation of the plasma membrane during cytokinesis

19
Q

cell plate

A

a component involved in the formation of a cell wall

IOB (10 decks)

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