3C Flashcards
active transport
movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane that requires energy
protein-mediated active transport
a type of active transport involves using membrane proteins to move molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. Also known as active transport
bulk transport
a type of active transport that uses vesicles to move large molecules or groups of molecules into or out of the cell. Also known as cytosis
protein pump
a polypeptide that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient with the aid of ATP
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A high-energy molecule that, when broken down, provides energy for cellular processes
carrier protein
a membrane-based protein that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules across a membrane
conformational change
a change in the three-dimensional shape of macromolecules such as proteins
osmosis
the passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute (high solvent) to a region of high solute (low solvent)
vesicle
a small membrane-bound sac that transports or stores substances within a cell
exocytosis
a type of bulk transport that moves large substances out of the cell
endocytosis
a type of bulk transport that moves large substances into the cell
ribosomes
small RNA-protein structures that are the site of protein synthesis. They either float freely in the cytoplasm or are attached to the RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
a membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs that are coated with ribosomes on their outer surface that synthesise and modify proteins
Golgi body
stacked flattened sacs that are the site of protein sorting, packaging, and modification. Also known as the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
secretory products
the substances inside a vesicle that are being transported out of the cell
