4A.12 Flashcards
What kind of strategies are used for regeneration in rural area
- different strategies are used in rural areas in comparison to urban ones
- Success may mean shared or different aspects e.g improvements in leisure,retail , tourism, jobs ect
- areas with high conflict include RUF, green belt , national parks
- Traditionally people act and identify their own needs for regeneration and the government support the proposed policies by part funding them
- This is changing with greater need for funding and shifting government systems
What was the earth centre in Doncaster as a regeneration project
- The earth centre was a mixed success regeneration project at a rural ex-colliery
- It involved a £55 million redevelopment into an ecotourism centre
- It failed to attract the target audience and shutdown in 2004
- Since, it has been turned into an outdoor play centre with the car park being considered for a large money housing development
Why did the earth centre in Doncaster fail
- The earth centre failed because money was originally spent on things that the area didn’t need by outside investors and stakeholders, leading to failure
- On it’s second reopening the focus was much more on community ideas leading to success
What approach did Llanmador in the Gower peninsula in Wales take to regeneration
- Llanmador took a community led regeneration approach to its town
- It used to be a rural village dominated by second homes
What did the regeneration in Llanmador actually consist of
- in 2007, 150 locals paid £5000 to buy shares to open up a cafe, a shop and a post office in an old barn with 50 volunteer staff
- it was successful for locals and seasonal tourists
- it was then moved to a purpose built ship
- Grants were given by Swansea council and the Welsh government
- It was voted best village in South Wales
- It helped develop social cohesion and community activities
- It was environmentally sustainable with low carbon footprint due to local sourcing of food
What was happening to the Cornish economy between 2000-10
Between 2000-10 the Cornish economy was growing at a faster rate than the Uk average as a result of sustained investment (5.8% per year)
What has happened post 2010 to reduce this
- Since 2010, public sector investment has been cut due to austerity measures
- The private sector must now be relied upon but they have less stakeholders now due to their isolated location and demographic leading to uncertainty
- There is now less attraction for investors
- as a result cornwalls young, well qualified residents are forced to find work elsewhere
- 20% of cornwalls working age population earns less than the living wage
What type of convergence funding has Cornwall heavily relied upon
- Cornwall has heavily relied upon objective one convergence funding
- It is focused on the principle of match funding (investment matching capital investment to pump prime there businesses and reduce initial costs )
- it involves approaching funding bodies and asking them to match existing funding
- It backed 580 projects in Cornwall by 2007 with a £230 million return
How are the EU a player in cornwalls regeneration
-The Eu is a stakeholder in regeneration as convergence funding has been being granted to Cornwall since 1999
How is the UK central government agency a stakeholder in regeneration in Cornwall
- The South west regional development agency made investments before it was abolished in 2010
- Now most funding is given directly out by central government
How is the local government a stakeholder for regeneration
- The public sector is cornwalls largest employer
- Since 2010, Cornwall council has had no start up funding however
- Enterprise zones at Newquay gives rebates on business taxes
- a local enterprise partnership helps with training to support business growth
What role do stakeholders in the economy play in cornwalls regeneration
- The banks are a stakeholder in cornwalls regeneration however they have cut funding since the banking crash of 2008
- The biggest industries in Cornwall are tourism, food and farming all of which want economic expansion
Who are the environmental stakeholders in cornwalls regeneration
- Cornwalls biggest asset is the scenery +environment
- The national trust, RHS and heritage England own large swathes of land
- Cornwall also has huge potential for wind and wave energies
What role do social stakeholders play in Cornwall’s regeneration
- Cornwall has a population which is mainly old and white , requiring a specific set of provisions
- Education includes FE colleges , combined unis but is mainly limited to primary and secondary
What was the aim of the combined university of Cornwall regeneration project ?
- The aim of the combined university of Cornwall was to increase the available range of university courses and develop a ‘knowledge economy’
- it was also trying to cut Cornish brain drain and loss of educated population
How does the combined university work in practice
- university college Falmouth , Exeter university, Truro and Penwith c colleges came together to form the combined university Cornwall
- It aims to helps gravitates secure jobs and promote the high skilled industries in Cornwall
- S economy of Falmouth has been boosted as a student population have invested in local bars and restaurants and the property market
What is the watergate bay project in Cornwall
- The watergate bay in Newquay is an extreme sports academy targeted at young adults
- It offers surfing, skiing and kite surfing courses
- It is combined with the watergate bay hotel
What are the benefits of the watergate bay project for Cornwall
- the project is open year round providing employment for around 50-60 people
- It is combined with Jamie Oliver’s restaurant ‘fifteen’ which selects fifteen students aged 16-24 from disadvantaged backgrounds to work in kitchens each year
-It provides non seasonal employment ,economic diversification and social benefits
What is the wave hub project (2010 onwards)
- The wave hub project is a wave- power research project 16km North of Cornwalls coast
- It was installed on the seabed as a socket for wave energy converter to be plugged intom transferring energy via a cable
What are the positives of the wave hub project
- The wave hub project has a capacity of 20 MW (around 6-8 wind turbines)
- it has a 42 million cost (with funding from SWRDA, EU and UK government )
- However it is predicted to earn 76 million over 25 years
- It creates 170 jobs
- there is the potential for a new industrial in Cornwall with the wave power industry
What is the main problem with the wave hub project
- The wave hub project did not produce any energy and is set to be sold off to an offshore wind farm company
- this highlights the clear dangers with such projects
How has superfast broadband developed in Cornwall
- Cornwall now has the largest rural fibre network
- It was the first county to a huge access to fibre broadband for 95% of the population (by 2016)
- It happened at a £132 million cost (funded by EU regional development fund and BT in public- private partnership)
What are the advantages of the super fast broadband scheme
- The superfast broadband scheme attracts ‘footloose’, highly skilled businesses to the area as it enables work from home
- 2000 jobs have been created
- £200 million pound annual economic input
-An example of a successful regeneration scheme
What is the Eden project in Cornwall
- The Eden project was opened in 2001 and consists of two conservatories exhibiting the worlds major plant types, as well as a education centre about sustainable living and a hostel for residential trips
- It transformed a former quarrying landscape
What has the project achieved in its first ten years
In its first ten years -
- it generated £1.1 billion (7x return on its cost)
- Attracted 13 million visitors
- Used 2700 local suppliers
- Employed 650 people directly and 3000 supporting jobs
- It encouraged wider investment by the SWRDA ( st Austell town centre)
-overall positive impact
What are the conflicts arising from the Cornish regeneration
- The UK government may provide some funding but generally has low priorities for sparsely populated regions
- Local governments have the interest of the local people at heart so generally are closer aligned to the community and further away from the central government
- Eu can have conflicts over control and investment priorities with local governments but ultimately provide large scale investment for regeneration projects in rural areas
What is the Egan Wheel
- The Egan wheel is a wheel of sustainable development where all factors need to be considered and equally regenerated
- It enables the meeting of future needs without compromising the present needs
- It allows the evaluation of success
