4A.12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of strategies are used for regeneration in rural area

A
  • different strategies are used in rural areas in comparison to urban ones
  • Success may mean shared or different aspects e.g improvements in leisure,retail , tourism, jobs ect
  • areas with high conflict include RUF, green belt , national parks
  • Traditionally people act and identify their own needs for regeneration and the government support the proposed policies by part funding them
  • This is changing with greater need for funding and shifting government systems
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2
Q

What was the earth centre in Doncaster as a regeneration project

A
  • The earth centre was a mixed success regeneration project at a rural ex-colliery
  • It involved a £55 million redevelopment into an ecotourism centre
  • It failed to attract the target audience and shutdown in 2004
  • Since, it has been turned into an outdoor play centre with the car park being considered for a large money housing development
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3
Q

Why did the earth centre in Doncaster fail

A
  • The earth centre failed because money was originally spent on things that the area didn’t need by outside investors and stakeholders, leading to failure
  • On it’s second reopening the focus was much more on community ideas leading to success
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4
Q

What approach did Llanmador in the Gower peninsula in Wales take to regeneration

A
  • Llanmador took a community led regeneration approach to its town
  • It used to be a rural village dominated by second homes
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5
Q

What did the regeneration in Llanmador actually consist of

A
  • in 2007, 150 locals paid £5000 to buy shares to open up a cafe, a shop and a post office in an old barn with 50 volunteer staff
  • it was successful for locals and seasonal tourists
  • it was then moved to a purpose built ship
  • Grants were given by Swansea council and the Welsh government
  • It was voted best village in South Wales
  • It helped develop social cohesion and community activities
  • It was environmentally sustainable with low carbon footprint due to local sourcing of food
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6
Q

What was happening to the Cornish economy between 2000-10

A

Between 2000-10 the Cornish economy was growing at a faster rate than the Uk average as a result of sustained investment (5.8% per year)

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7
Q

What has happened post 2010 to reduce this

A
  • Since 2010, public sector investment has been cut due to austerity measures
  • The private sector must now be relied upon but they have less stakeholders now due to their isolated location and demographic leading to uncertainty
  • There is now less attraction for investors
  • as a result cornwalls young, well qualified residents are forced to find work elsewhere
  • 20% of cornwalls working age population earns less than the living wage
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8
Q

What type of convergence funding has Cornwall heavily relied upon

A
  • Cornwall has heavily relied upon objective one convergence funding
  • It is focused on the principle of match funding (investment matching capital investment to pump prime there businesses and reduce initial costs )
  • it involves approaching funding bodies and asking them to match existing funding
  • It backed 580 projects in Cornwall by 2007 with a £230 million return
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9
Q

How are the EU a player in cornwalls regeneration

A

-The Eu is a stakeholder in regeneration as convergence funding has been being granted to Cornwall since 1999

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10
Q

How is the UK central government agency a stakeholder in regeneration in Cornwall

A
  • The South west regional development agency made investments before it was abolished in 2010
  • Now most funding is given directly out by central government
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11
Q

How is the local government a stakeholder for regeneration

A
  • The public sector is cornwalls largest employer
  • Since 2010, Cornwall council has had no start up funding however
  • Enterprise zones at Newquay gives rebates on business taxes
  • a local enterprise partnership helps with training to support business growth
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12
Q

What role do stakeholders in the economy play in cornwalls regeneration

A
  • The banks are a stakeholder in cornwalls regeneration however they have cut funding since the banking crash of 2008
  • The biggest industries in Cornwall are tourism, food and farming all of which want economic expansion
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13
Q

Who are the environmental stakeholders in cornwalls regeneration

A
  • Cornwalls biggest asset is the scenery +environment
  • The national trust, RHS and heritage England own large swathes of land
  • Cornwall also has huge potential for wind and wave energies
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14
Q

What role do social stakeholders play in Cornwall’s regeneration

A
  • Cornwall has a population which is mainly old and white , requiring a specific set of provisions
  • Education includes FE colleges , combined unis but is mainly limited to primary and secondary
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15
Q

What was the aim of the combined university of Cornwall regeneration project ?

A
  • The aim of the combined university of Cornwall was to increase the available range of university courses and develop a ‘knowledge economy’
  • it was also trying to cut Cornish brain drain and loss of educated population
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16
Q

How does the combined university work in practice

A
  • university college Falmouth , Exeter university, Truro and Penwith c colleges came together to form the combined university Cornwall
  • It aims to helps gravitates secure jobs and promote the high skilled industries in Cornwall
  • S economy of Falmouth has been boosted as a student population have invested in local bars and restaurants and the property market
17
Q

What is the watergate bay project in Cornwall

A
  • The watergate bay in Newquay is an extreme sports academy targeted at young adults
  • It offers surfing, skiing and kite surfing courses
  • It is combined with the watergate bay hotel
18
Q

What are the benefits of the watergate bay project for Cornwall

A
  • the project is open year round providing employment for around 50-60 people
  • It is combined with Jamie Oliver’s restaurant ‘fifteen’ which selects fifteen students aged 16-24 from disadvantaged backgrounds to work in kitchens each year

-It provides non seasonal employment ,economic diversification and social benefits

19
Q

What is the wave hub project (2010 onwards)

A
  • The wave hub project is a wave- power research project 16km North of Cornwalls coast
  • It was installed on the seabed as a socket for wave energy converter to be plugged intom transferring energy via a cable
20
Q

What are the positives of the wave hub project

A
  • The wave hub project has a capacity of 20 MW (around 6-8 wind turbines)
  • it has a 42 million cost (with funding from SWRDA, EU and UK government )
  • However it is predicted to earn 76 million over 25 years
  • It creates 170 jobs
  • there is the potential for a new industrial in Cornwall with the wave power industry
21
Q

What is the main problem with the wave hub project

A
  • The wave hub project did not produce any energy and is set to be sold off to an offshore wind farm company
  • this highlights the clear dangers with such projects
22
Q

How has superfast broadband developed in Cornwall

A
  • Cornwall now has the largest rural fibre network
  • It was the first county to a huge access to fibre broadband for 95% of the population (by 2016)
  • It happened at a £132 million cost (funded by EU regional development fund and BT in public- private partnership)
23
Q

What are the advantages of the super fast broadband scheme

A
  • The superfast broadband scheme attracts ‘footloose’, highly skilled businesses to the area as it enables work from home
  • 2000 jobs have been created
  • £200 million pound annual economic input

-An example of a successful regeneration scheme

24
Q

What is the Eden project in Cornwall

A
  • The Eden project was opened in 2001 and consists of two conservatories exhibiting the worlds major plant types, as well as a education centre about sustainable living and a hostel for residential trips
  • It transformed a former quarrying landscape
25
Q

What has the project achieved in its first ten years

A

In its first ten years -

  • it generated £1.1 billion (7x return on its cost)
  • Attracted 13 million visitors
  • Used 2700 local suppliers
  • Employed 650 people directly and 3000 supporting jobs
  • It encouraged wider investment by the SWRDA ( st Austell town centre)

-overall positive impact

26
Q

What are the conflicts arising from the Cornish regeneration

A
  • The UK government may provide some funding but generally has low priorities for sparsely populated regions
  • Local governments have the interest of the local people at heart so generally are closer aligned to the community and further away from the central government
  • Eu can have conflicts over control and investment priorities with local governments but ultimately provide large scale investment for regeneration projects in rural areas
27
Q

What is the Egan Wheel

A
  • The Egan wheel is a wheel of sustainable development where all factors need to be considered and equally regenerated
  • It enables the meeting of future needs without compromising the present needs
  • It allows the evaluation of success