4.a player in economic change - Birmingham Flashcards
What did De Bermingham do?
In 1166 purchased a royal charter that enabled them to hold a market.
De Bermingham family what year?
1166
Significance of De Bermingham family
- Without the ability to hold a market then trade may not have thrived in the area
- Brought people and businesses into the area
- Was the foundation of Birmingham becoming the ‘city of a thousand trades’
What did Matthew Boulton do?
Set up soho manufacturing in 1761 that specialised in steam engines
significance of Matthew Boulton
- Set up the first factory - important in moving the industrial base of the town forward
- set up the first assembly line under one roof
- This created 700 jobs and brought people into the area for this level of employment
Established the idea of assembly line → increasing efficiency within manufacturing factories / the industry.And the idea of having it all under one roof in one building.
Year Matthew Boulton set up goals.
1761
What did the cadbury family do?
Bournville factory and model village - brought workers
significance of cadbury family
All brought jobs to the area adding to a positive economic multiplier of earning more stable income to be spent and reinvested into the economy
Year of Cadbury family
1895
Austin what did he do?
Austin car plant opened in 1906 → 22 k+ employed at its peak
year of Austin car plant
1906
significance of austin car plant
The Austin car plant caused for 22,000 to be employed at its peak → bringing in more wealth to the area - + multiplier
How did the growth of engineering and car industry alter built environment?
Terrace housing built for workers where the many industries were created
Transport innovations - trams,railways,buses
How did the growth of engineering and car industry alter demography.
Increased migration from like Isle of man - still predominantly white british
When was the oil recession?
1970s
what was the player causing the oil recession?
OPEC
What caused the oil recession?
Arab / israeli war in middle east → western states support Israel
Arab nations responded OPEC by embargoing oil / banning supply to western countries
Impacts of the oil recession
Oil prices increased → manufacturing was reliant on cheap energy → make cutbacks
DEINDUSTRIALISATION
How did TNCs lead to deindustrialisation
- Industries (ie cars) already suffering due to TNCs based in countries / global shift → added to the oil crisis → with TNCs cars being seen as more valuable and reliable for money as they gained more acceptance
- Trade unions of car manufacturing began to strike → trade unions became key in shutting down factories → altered future of birmingham → investors were detracted leading to further decline
Housing change post war
- By 1950 - housing stock poor quality
- Lost 5,000 houses in ww2 bombing
- 110k houses of a sub standard
How did government attempt to regenerate housing in 80s?
- 400 block tower blocks replaced slums → on rural urban fringe → people moved out of center
- As people moved out services became more important 80/90s people commuting from suburbs into the center
Set up greenbelt to stop urban sprawl → increased land value
How did the demographic change after WW2 ?
- After WW2 mass international migration from caribbean / South asia → economic migrants moving for jobs that had been lost after ww2 to replace the jobs
- Clustered in the inner city of cheap housing
- growth of services increased opportunities for migrants → brought beliefs and culture building mosques → alter built environment
Birmingham city council role in regenration?
The Birmingham city council focused on implement strategies to diversify the economy away from manufacturing by:
* Centre for business tourism
* Financial services
* Regional centre for trade
* Retail and tourism hubs
* As Well as the building of the national exhibition centre and the airport
significance of regional government
- the strategies caused for the area to not be so economically reliant on one sector in order to prevent the economic decline that occurred previously.
- The NEC and AIrport → brought more people to the area by making it much more accessible for people to travel to and from Birmingham
- with more people visiting local businesses benefit from the increased customers → + multiplier
EU role in Birmingham regeneration
- Provided funds such as the Regional development funds that allowed projects to occur to improve social housing etc
- Helps to facilitate regeneration.
Significance of EU economic change
- Without this provision of funds the regeneration of Brimingham may not have taken place causing the area to remain in this economic decline.
Impacts of projects
* Create a multiplier effect - bringing people in to the city
* Key services improved
* Retail centre was abolished and rebuilt
* Key regional national hub
* New library in 2013 → flagship projects close to each other
